Visual Anatomy and Physiology, 3e (Martini) test bank

Visual Anatomy and Physiology, 3e (Martini) Chapter 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Multiple Choice Questions 1) The maintenance of a constant internal environment in an organism is termed A) positive feedback. B) homeostasis. C) negative feedback. D) effector control. E) integration. 2) Gas exchange is to the respiratory system as absorption of nutrients is to the ________ system(s). A) lymphatic B) urinary C) digestive D) cardiovascular E) urinary and cardiovascular 3) Which organ system removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream? A) cardiovascular B) lymphatic C) respiratory D) digestive E) endocrine 4) Anatomy is to ________ as physiology is to ________. A) function; form B) form; structure C) structure; function D) structure; form E) growth; form 5) The central principle of physiology is A) nutrition. B) reflexes. C) homeostasis. D) stimulation. E) temperature regulation. 6) Because the anatomy and physiology of the body's structures are interrelated, it is often said that "form determines ________." A) anatomy B) physiology C) structure D) function E) biology 7) A chemical imbalance in the blood can cause the heart to stop pumping blood, which in turn will cause other tissues and organs to cease functioning. This observation supports the view that A) all organisms are composed of cells. B) all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent. C) chemical molecules make up cells. D) blood has magical properties. E) congenital defects can be life-threatening. 8) Which of the following is arranged in correct order from the most complex to the simplest? A) cellular, tissue, molecular, system, organ, organism B) molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism C) tissue, cellular, molecular, organ, system, organism D) organ, organism, molecular, cellular, tissue, system E) organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, molecular 9) What is the smallest living level of organization? A) cellular level B) chemical level C) organ level D) organ system level E) tissue level 10) Which of the following cell types is long, slender and makes contractions? A) red blood cells B) bone cells C) fat cells D) muscle cells E) white blood cells 11) Which type of cells carry oxygen and carbon dioxide? A) bone cells B) fat cells C) muscle cells D) white blood cells E) red blood cells 12) Which type of cells recycle the calcium and phosphate stored there? A) bone cells B) fat cells C) muscle cells D) nervous cells E) blood cells 13) Which type of cells are spherical and contain energy molecules? A) bone cells B) fat cells C) muscle cells D) white blood cells E) red blood cells 14) ________ is the study of tissue structures. A) Gross anatomy B) Pathology C) Biology D) Microbiology E) Histology 15) Which of the following tissues covers and protects exposed surface areas of the body? A) connective tissue B) muscle tissue C) epithelial tissue D) bone tissue E) nervous tissue 16) Which of the following tissues fills internal spaces and provides structural support? A) connective tissue B) muscle tissue C) epithelial tissue D) bone tissue E) nervous tissue 17) Which organ system provides support, protection of soft tissue, mineral storage, and blood formation? A) integumentary B) muscular C) skeletal D) nervous E) endocrine 18) Protection from environmental hazards is a function of the ________ system. A) skeletal B) muscular C) integumentary D) endocrine E) skeletal and muscular 19) Which organ system transports nutrients, metabolic wastes, gases, and defense cells? A) cardiovascular B) digestive C) muscular D) respiratory E) urinary 20) Directing long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems is the major function of the ________ system. A) endocrine B) cardiovascular C) respiratory D) lymphatic E) digestive 21) Which one of the following is not a characteristic of the endocrine system? A) It releases chemicals that affect other organs or tissues. B) It produces a more rapid response than the nervous system. C) It produces effects that last for days or longer. D) It produces an effect that involves several organs or tissues at the same time. E) It is important in regulating organs and tissues. 22) The heart is an example of a(n) A) cell. B) tissue. C) organ. D) extracellular fluid. E) organ system. 23) All of the following are organs of the endocrine system, except A) pituitary. B) thyroid. C) thymus. D) muscle. E) pancreas. 24) All of the following are structures of the cardiovascular system, except A) the heart. B) arteries. C) the spleen. D) veins. E) capillaries. 25) Elimination of excess water, salts, and waste products are functions of the ________ system. A) endocrine B) digestive C) respiratory D) urinary E) lymphatic 26) Which gastrointestinal organ is responsible for bile secretion and regulation of blood nutrient composition? A) gallbladder B) liver C) stomach D) pancreas E) salivary glands 27) What is the primary function of kidneys? A) removes carbon dioxide from the body B) store urine C) regulate blood glucose D) form and concentrate urine E) secret enzymes for digestion 28) The tendency for physiological systems to stabilize internal conditions is called A) homeostasis. B) disease. C) biology. D) responsiveness. E) adaptability. 29) Homeostatic regulation usually involves a(n) ________ that detects a particular stimulus, and a(n) ________ that responds to the stimulus by communicating with a(n) ________ whose activity has an effect on the same stimulus. A) control center (integrating center); receptor; effector B) receptor; control center (integrating center); effector C) effector; control center (integrating center); receptor D) receptor; effector; control center (integrating center) E) effector; receptor; control center (integrating center) 30) When homeostatic mechanisms fail, an individual will experience the symptoms of A) homeostasis. B) negative feedback. C) illness or disease. D) positive feedback. 31) If a response decreases a disturbance, the system is classified as a ________ feedback system. A) deficit B) negative C) neutral D) polarized E) positive 32) If a response increases a disturbance, the system is classified as a ________ feedback system. A) deficit B) negative C) neutral D) polarized E) positive 33) When body temperature rises, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the body temperature. This is an example of A) negative feedback. B) positive feedback. C) nonhomeostatic regulation. D) diagnostic regulation. E) fever