DVA3703 Portfolio .

COVER PAGE Module Code: DVA 3703 Module Name: Development Policy and Strategies Answered Questions: Question 1 and Question 2 Page | 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 3 1.1 Introduction Page 3-6 1.2 Body Page 6-7 1.3 Conclusion Page 7 2.1 Introduction Page 7 2.2 Body Page 8 2.2.1 Policy Framing Page 8-9 2.2.2 Agenda setting Page 9 2.2.3 Policy Formation Page 9 2.2.4 Policy Legitimation/Adoption Page 10 2.2.5 Policy Implementation Page 10-11 2.2.6 Policy Evaluation Page 11 2.2.7 Conclusion Page 12 References Page 13 Annexure A Page | 2 Question 1 1.1 Introduction It is not clear where the concept of civil society comes from. The concept also lacks a clear and sharp interpretation or definition because of its diverse application (Beck/Grande 2007, p. 125). According to Civil Charter (2016), which is the global framework for people’s participation and aims to protect civil societies, Civil society organisations fight for the public’s rights and wishes of people. These rights and wishes include but not limited to health, environment and economic rights. The fulfil important duties of checks and balances in democratic countries like South Africa. They influence the government and hold it accountable. Civil societies are very influential in formation of development policy. They are involved from the start to the finish of the development policy. They set the agenda and inform the public. Civil societies are the last line of defence fighting on behalf of ordinary citizens. In South Africa, civil societies fight on behalf of citizens against corruption, public service delivery failure and abuse of power by elected and public representatives. 1.2 Body Civil society makes a democratic country operates smoothly. They are comprised of groups or organisations working in the interest of the citizens. They operate outside of government and for-profit sectors. Civil society include labour unions, non-profit organisations, churches and other service agencies. Civil society is sometimes referred to as civil sector (What is a Civil Society? - Definition & Examples). Civil society consist of a multitude of groups, outside the structure of the government with a focus on promoting specific interest (Du Plessis & Kotze 2016:68). Civil society organisations concerns include the natural environment (example World Wide Life for Nature [WWF] and Greenpeace), political system (example Congress of South African Trade Unions [COSATU] and United against Corruption), particular communities (example Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Queer and Intersex [LGBTQI] and Sex Workers Education and Advocacy Taskforce [SWEAT]), social justice (Abahlali baseMjondolo and Organisation Uniting against Tax Abuse [OUTA]), inequality (example Treatment Action Campaign [TAC]), Arts (example South African Human Rights Commission [SAHRC]), sports (example the Sport for Social Change Network [SSCN]) and many others. Civil society organisations are vital in