Pathophysiology
Test Bank Pathophysiology the Biologic
Basis for Disease in Adults and Children
8th Edition
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic
absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and
use nutrients.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other
substances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive
in their descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
,Pathophysiology
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed
largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such
as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not contain
most of a cell’s genetic information.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
1. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific
substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes
ANS: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use
oxygen to
,Pathophysiology
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that
produces
H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it
accumulates or escapes
from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins)
that are
synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores
in the nuclear
envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that
originate
from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called
hydrolases,
which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.
Oxyhydrosomes
are involved in enzyme production.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 8
1. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it
is released during cell
injury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes
, Pathophysiology
ANS: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful
digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their
leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various
treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes,
which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-
digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 7-8
1. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive
enzyme by the pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the
release from the cell?
1. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds
to the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle
to the cell membrane.
1. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds
to the lysosome for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated
membrane to the cell membrane.
1. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus,
proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a
cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
1. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds
to the Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to
the cell membrane.
Test Bank Pathophysiology the Biologic
Basis for Disease in Adults and Children
8th Edition
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic
absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and
use nutrients.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other
substances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive
in their descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
,Pathophysiology
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed
largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such
as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not contain
most of a cell’s genetic information.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
1. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific
substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes
ANS: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use
oxygen to
,Pathophysiology
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that
produces
H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it
accumulates or escapes
from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins)
that are
synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores
in the nuclear
envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that
originate
from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called
hydrolases,
which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.
Oxyhydrosomes
are involved in enzyme production.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 8
1. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it
is released during cell
injury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes
, Pathophysiology
ANS: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful
digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their
leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various
treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes,
which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-
digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 7-8
1. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive
enzyme by the pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the
release from the cell?
1. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds
to the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle
to the cell membrane.
1. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds
to the lysosome for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated
membrane to the cell membrane.
1. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus,
proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a
cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
1. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds
to the Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to
the cell membrane.
