DVA3703 PORTFOLIO EXAM.

HONESTY DECLARATION: MAY/JUNE EXAMINATIONS 2020 1. I know that plagiarism means taking and using the ideas, writings, works or inventions of another as if they were one’s own. I know that plagiarism not only includes verbatim copying, but also the extensive use of another person’s ideas without proper acknowledgement (which includes the proper use of quotation marks). I know that plagiarism covers the use of material found in textual sources and from the Internet. 2. I acknowledge and understand that plagiarism is wrong. 3. I understand that my portfolio must be accurately referenced. 4. This portfolio is my own work. I acknowledge that copying someone else’s assignment or portfolio, or part of it, is wrong, and that submitting identical work to others constitutes a form of plagiarism. 5. I have not allowed, nor will I in the future allow, anyone to copy my work with the intention of passing it off as their own work. 6. I understand that I can be awarded 0% if I have plagiarized 7. 7. I confirm that I have read and understood UNISA’s Policy for Copyright and Plagiarism - %20Learning%20Community%20Engagement%20and%20Student %20Support/Documents/copyrightinfringement_and_plagiarism_policy_1 Name: Phemelo Othelia Digasu Student No: Signed (Initials): PO Date: 29 May 2020 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Question 1 1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………….. 2. The role of civil society participation in development policy making…………. 2.1. Civil society organisations…………………………………………………… 3. The role of civil society in offering alternative ideas for development policy.. 4. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………. 5. Sources consulted ……………………………………………………………….. Question 2 1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………... 2. Specification of objectives ………………………………………………………. 3. Policy decision making…………………………………………………………… 3.1 Different types of decision-making…………………………………………….. 3.2 Human Factors…………………………………………………………………… 4. Policy implementation…………………………………………………………… 4.1 Five Cs of policy implementation………....................................................... 5. Policy evaluation …………………………………………………………………. 6. Conclusion………………………………………………………. ……………….. 7. Sources consulted……………………………………………………..………….. 2 3 3 4 4 6 6 7 7 8 8 10 10 11 12 12 12 Question 1 Discuss the role of civil society participation in development policy making. Give examples to support your answer. 1. INTRODUCTION The civil society has been involved in policy making for years and their involvement has been a productive one. Here we will firstly outline what a civil society, and that what it stands for. Furthermore, we will look at civil society organisations, their role in public participation and their role in finding alternative ideas for policy making. The civil society looks for the benefit of the community and not what will benefit the policy makers. 2. THE ROLE OF CIVIL SOCIETY PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPMENT POLICY MAKING Firstly we need to explain what civil society is, according to my understanding it is when a group or organisation works in the interest of the community without any profit and it is not controlled by the government, examples of civil society organisations are trade unions, church organisations, Non-governmental organisations, gender advocacy organisations etc. Du Plessis & Kotze (2016:68) describe the civil society as “particular political space in which voluntary associations operate to shape the rules that govern their daily lives” furthermore Mukamunana & Brynard (2005:667) describe civil society, in a democratic government, as a “channel through which citizens participate in making and implementing public decisions; in identifying, prioritising and resolving public problems, and in allocating and managing public resources”. Public participation in policymaking can be enhanced through the decentralisation of state power and the strengthening of civil society. Decentralisation means the distribution of power to lower levels and that power will not only be concentrated centrally. The focus of the civil society is to promote specific interests, they should act as the positive connection among citizens, government, and non-governmental actors. They understand the citizens needs and demands and they advocate for that. Their role is to build political and economic democracy. CSOs "are imperative as a space for the building of identity in a world where citizens feel that they have little control