MDC EXAM 2
MDC EXAM 2 REVIEW
1. The effects of Immobility
a) Interventions that improve flexibility
• P.R.E.P.(Perform passive ROM, Reposition Q2HR, Encourage independent activity
as much as possible even in bedrest, Provide assistive devices)
• Know examples of exercises for flexibility
b) Assessment/ Findings of a patient with DVT
• Assessment
(1) Compare distal pulses for pulse quality, observe the color and temp. of
extremities, evaluate sensation and motion, and determine speed of capillary
refill. Compare calf circumferences.
• Findings
(1) Redness, warmth, tenderness, swelling (Thrombus formation), Peripheral and
sacral edema.
c) Identify patients at risk for skin breakdown
• Older adults, immobile, cognitive impairments, incontinence, poor nutrition/
malnutrition. Medications may also cause vasoconstriction and result in poor tissue
perfusion.
2. Benefits of Exercise
a) Rationale for weight bearing exercise
• Promotes bone reformation and growth (Makes bones stronger)
• At least 3-5 times a week
Identify benefits of exercise
• Bone reformation and growth
• Cardiovascular health promotion
• Promotes balance and stability
• Reduce stress and increase energy levels
b) Identify benefits of exercise
• Bone reformation and growth
• Cardiovascular health promotion
• Promotes balance and stability
• Reduce stress and increase energy levels
• Improves pulmonary circulation, skeletal development, skin tone
• Reduces systemic inflammation
c) Identify negative effects of immobility on musculoskeletal system
• Osteoarthritis
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Loss of muscle strength
• Impaired balance
• Altered join mobility
• Decreased stability
• Osteoporosis
• Depression, isolation, anxiety, and mood change
• Can cause decreased peristalsis
d) Explain ways to maintain proper posture for a client
MDC EXAM 2
, MDC EXAM 2
• Place the spine in a neutral position(Resting)
• This allows the bones to be aligned, reduce stress and fatigue & muscle joints, and
ligament can work efficiently
• Avoid standing in 1 position for a long period of time
• Do not lock your knees when standing
• Keep core tight and don’t bend at the waist or neck
• No slumping when sitting
• Sit close to your work and use back support
• Sit with feet flat on floor
• Sleep on firm mattress
• Do not wear high heels for a prolonged time, do not slump, and use a chair that
supports your back.
e) Identify interventions in minimizing contractures (which is a negative effect
of immobility)
• Gently straighten out contracted extremity, fingers. Etc
• Mobility-encouraging interventions such as passive ROM, and rotation. Flexion and
extension exercises
• These interventions should be performed about every 2hrs and as needed if the
contractures are present
3. Identify bed positions
• Semi-fowlers: Patient is on their back with the head raised between 15 and 45 degrees.
• High-fowlers: Patient is on their back with the head of the bed raised between 60 and 90
degrees.
• Prone: Lying on the abdomen with the head turned to one side
• Supine: Lying on the back
• Sims: Patient lies on their side with the left thigh slightly flexed and the right thigh
acutely flexed on the abdomen.
• Trendelenburg's Position: Patient is on their back whose lower section is inclined 15-
30 degrees so that the head is lower than the body.
• Reverse Trendelenburg's Position: Patient is in the supine position with the feet
facing downward and head is inclined 15-30 degrees.
• Lateral Position: Side lying position, and a pillow is often placed between the legs for
patient comfort
4. Identify proper body mechanics for moving the patients in bed
• Transfer board
• Mechanical lift
• Transfer belt
• What are the proper ways to move patients in bed?
5. Explain how to use walkers to the elderly
• Push or lift your walker 6-12 inches forward
• Make sure all 4 tips or wheels of your walker are touching the ground before taking a
step
• Step forward with your weak leg first
• Then step forward with your other leg placing it in front of the weaker leg
6. Be able to assess client with diabetic neuropathy
MDC EXAM 2
MDC EXAM 2 REVIEW
1. The effects of Immobility
a) Interventions that improve flexibility
• P.R.E.P.(Perform passive ROM, Reposition Q2HR, Encourage independent activity
as much as possible even in bedrest, Provide assistive devices)
• Know examples of exercises for flexibility
b) Assessment/ Findings of a patient with DVT
• Assessment
(1) Compare distal pulses for pulse quality, observe the color and temp. of
extremities, evaluate sensation and motion, and determine speed of capillary
refill. Compare calf circumferences.
• Findings
(1) Redness, warmth, tenderness, swelling (Thrombus formation), Peripheral and
sacral edema.
c) Identify patients at risk for skin breakdown
• Older adults, immobile, cognitive impairments, incontinence, poor nutrition/
malnutrition. Medications may also cause vasoconstriction and result in poor tissue
perfusion.
2. Benefits of Exercise
a) Rationale for weight bearing exercise
• Promotes bone reformation and growth (Makes bones stronger)
• At least 3-5 times a week
Identify benefits of exercise
• Bone reformation and growth
• Cardiovascular health promotion
• Promotes balance and stability
• Reduce stress and increase energy levels
b) Identify benefits of exercise
• Bone reformation and growth
• Cardiovascular health promotion
• Promotes balance and stability
• Reduce stress and increase energy levels
• Improves pulmonary circulation, skeletal development, skin tone
• Reduces systemic inflammation
c) Identify negative effects of immobility on musculoskeletal system
• Osteoarthritis
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Loss of muscle strength
• Impaired balance
• Altered join mobility
• Decreased stability
• Osteoporosis
• Depression, isolation, anxiety, and mood change
• Can cause decreased peristalsis
d) Explain ways to maintain proper posture for a client
MDC EXAM 2
, MDC EXAM 2
• Place the spine in a neutral position(Resting)
• This allows the bones to be aligned, reduce stress and fatigue & muscle joints, and
ligament can work efficiently
• Avoid standing in 1 position for a long period of time
• Do not lock your knees when standing
• Keep core tight and don’t bend at the waist or neck
• No slumping when sitting
• Sit close to your work and use back support
• Sit with feet flat on floor
• Sleep on firm mattress
• Do not wear high heels for a prolonged time, do not slump, and use a chair that
supports your back.
e) Identify interventions in minimizing contractures (which is a negative effect
of immobility)
• Gently straighten out contracted extremity, fingers. Etc
• Mobility-encouraging interventions such as passive ROM, and rotation. Flexion and
extension exercises
• These interventions should be performed about every 2hrs and as needed if the
contractures are present
3. Identify bed positions
• Semi-fowlers: Patient is on their back with the head raised between 15 and 45 degrees.
• High-fowlers: Patient is on their back with the head of the bed raised between 60 and 90
degrees.
• Prone: Lying on the abdomen with the head turned to one side
• Supine: Lying on the back
• Sims: Patient lies on their side with the left thigh slightly flexed and the right thigh
acutely flexed on the abdomen.
• Trendelenburg's Position: Patient is on their back whose lower section is inclined 15-
30 degrees so that the head is lower than the body.
• Reverse Trendelenburg's Position: Patient is in the supine position with the feet
facing downward and head is inclined 15-30 degrees.
• Lateral Position: Side lying position, and a pillow is often placed between the legs for
patient comfort
4. Identify proper body mechanics for moving the patients in bed
• Transfer board
• Mechanical lift
• Transfer belt
• What are the proper ways to move patients in bed?
5. Explain how to use walkers to the elderly
• Push or lift your walker 6-12 inches forward
• Make sure all 4 tips or wheels of your walker are touching the ground before taking a
step
• Step forward with your weak leg first
• Then step forward with your other leg placing it in front of the weaker leg
6. Be able to assess client with diabetic neuropathy
MDC EXAM 2
