Our Lady of Fatima University Conducting Passages
College of Pharmacy
A. Nose
Anatomy and Physiology 1. External nose
Boundaries:
Superiorly - nasal and frontal bones
Respiratory System
- functions to supply oxygen for the metabolic needs of the Laterally - maxillary bones
cells and to remove one of the waste materials of cellular Inferiorly - plates of hyaline cartilage (the lateral
metabolism which is the carbon dioxide
septal and alar cartilages)
Purpose:
Pulmonary Ventilation - movement of air in and out of the
2. Internal nose ( nasal cavity)
respiratory system
Roof - ethmoid bone, sphenoid bone, frontal bone
Floor - hard palate
Respiratory system involves the processes of:
Laterally - conchae or turbinates
1. External respiration - absorption of O2 and removal of
Medially - the nasal septum which is formed
CO2 from the lungs
anteriorly by hyaline cartilage and posteriorly by
A. Fauna (animals)
the vomer bone and perpendicular plate of
B. Flora (plants)
ethmoid.
2. Internal respiration - gaseous exchanges between the cells
of the body and their fluid medium (oxygen going towards
Nasal conchae
the cell and cell to the blood)
1. Superior concha - a part of ethmoid which is lined by
olfactory epithelium
Parts of the Respiratory System:
2. Middle concha - also part of an ethmoid which is
1. Conducting passages (dead spaces) - for passage of air. Its
lined by repiratory epithelium or pseudostratified
purpose is to filter and moisten the air and also to increase
columnar ciliated epithelium
the temperature of the air in the body (warming the air)
3. Inferior concha - also lined by repiratory epithelium
A. Nose
or pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium
B. Pharynx
C. Larynx
D. Trachea
Pharynx
E. Bronchi and their divisions
1. Nasopharynx
2. Respiratory passages - where absorption of O2 and
Nasopharyngeal tube (NPT)
removal of CO2 from the blood takes place.
Enlarged in children - (adenoids)
A. Respiratory bronchiols
Diluted In adults
B. Alveolar ducts
C. Alveoli
2. Oropharynx - soft palate to epiglottis which is located
behind the oral cavity
3. Laryngopharynx - located behind the larynx and the one
who communicates with the larynx
, Larynx Trachea
th th
- extends 5cm from the level of the 4 - 6 cervical vertebra - the trachea or “windpipe” is a cylindrical tube about 10-
- with 9 cartilages (3 paired and 3 unpaired) 12cm in length and 2.5cm in diameter
- it has 16-20 C-SHAPED cartilage
Unpaired: - it is lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium
1. Thyroid cartialge -C6-T5
- largest
- shield-shaped ; unpaired Carina - biportion of trachea
- with laryngeal prominence (adam’s apple)
2. Cricoid cartilage
- signet ring-shaped; unpaired
3. Epiglottis Pleura
- spoon or leaf-shaped; unpaired -a serous membrane that covers the lung and is made up of
- found behind the tongue parietal and visceral layers
- only elastic cartilage (the rest are hyaline) - between visceral (inner part) and parietal layer (outer part)
Paired: is the pleural cavity which contains a small amount of serous
4. Arytenoid cartilage fluid
- paired - the 2 layers are continuous at the root of the lungs
- pyramidal
5. Corniculate Parietal pleura parts:
- paired 1. Costal pleura - underneath the cartilages
6. Cuneiform Cartilages 2. Diaphragmatic pleura - overlines the diaphragm
- paired 3. Mediastinal pleura - overlines the madiastinum
*cervical pleura (pleura copula)- located at the tip and is
Vocal cords enforced with fibrous extensions
False Vocal Cords (vestibular fold)
- non-movable
- surrounds the opening called “rima Lungs
vestibuli” - soft, spongy, elastic organs which weighs 0.5kg each
True Vocal Cords (Vocal folds) - Essential organs of respiration
- movable - situated on either side of the heart and the mediastinal
- surrounds the opening called “rima structure
glottidis” which is the narrowest part of the
adult larynx Features of the right lung:
*both are controlled by vocalis muscle 1. Three lobes - superior, middle, inferior
* if there is no air that can pass through rima glottidis it may 2. Two fissures - horizontal and oblique
develop asphyxia (inability to inhale oxygen) that can cause 3. Shorter, wider and heavier as compared to left
death 4. Deeper diaphragmatic surface due to presence of liver
College of Pharmacy
A. Nose
Anatomy and Physiology 1. External nose
Boundaries:
Superiorly - nasal and frontal bones
Respiratory System
- functions to supply oxygen for the metabolic needs of the Laterally - maxillary bones
cells and to remove one of the waste materials of cellular Inferiorly - plates of hyaline cartilage (the lateral
metabolism which is the carbon dioxide
septal and alar cartilages)
Purpose:
Pulmonary Ventilation - movement of air in and out of the
2. Internal nose ( nasal cavity)
respiratory system
Roof - ethmoid bone, sphenoid bone, frontal bone
Floor - hard palate
Respiratory system involves the processes of:
Laterally - conchae or turbinates
1. External respiration - absorption of O2 and removal of
Medially - the nasal septum which is formed
CO2 from the lungs
anteriorly by hyaline cartilage and posteriorly by
A. Fauna (animals)
the vomer bone and perpendicular plate of
B. Flora (plants)
ethmoid.
2. Internal respiration - gaseous exchanges between the cells
of the body and their fluid medium (oxygen going towards
Nasal conchae
the cell and cell to the blood)
1. Superior concha - a part of ethmoid which is lined by
olfactory epithelium
Parts of the Respiratory System:
2. Middle concha - also part of an ethmoid which is
1. Conducting passages (dead spaces) - for passage of air. Its
lined by repiratory epithelium or pseudostratified
purpose is to filter and moisten the air and also to increase
columnar ciliated epithelium
the temperature of the air in the body (warming the air)
3. Inferior concha - also lined by repiratory epithelium
A. Nose
or pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium
B. Pharynx
C. Larynx
D. Trachea
Pharynx
E. Bronchi and their divisions
1. Nasopharynx
2. Respiratory passages - where absorption of O2 and
Nasopharyngeal tube (NPT)
removal of CO2 from the blood takes place.
Enlarged in children - (adenoids)
A. Respiratory bronchiols
Diluted In adults
B. Alveolar ducts
C. Alveoli
2. Oropharynx - soft palate to epiglottis which is located
behind the oral cavity
3. Laryngopharynx - located behind the larynx and the one
who communicates with the larynx
, Larynx Trachea
th th
- extends 5cm from the level of the 4 - 6 cervical vertebra - the trachea or “windpipe” is a cylindrical tube about 10-
- with 9 cartilages (3 paired and 3 unpaired) 12cm in length and 2.5cm in diameter
- it has 16-20 C-SHAPED cartilage
Unpaired: - it is lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium
1. Thyroid cartialge -C6-T5
- largest
- shield-shaped ; unpaired Carina - biportion of trachea
- with laryngeal prominence (adam’s apple)
2. Cricoid cartilage
- signet ring-shaped; unpaired
3. Epiglottis Pleura
- spoon or leaf-shaped; unpaired -a serous membrane that covers the lung and is made up of
- found behind the tongue parietal and visceral layers
- only elastic cartilage (the rest are hyaline) - between visceral (inner part) and parietal layer (outer part)
Paired: is the pleural cavity which contains a small amount of serous
4. Arytenoid cartilage fluid
- paired - the 2 layers are continuous at the root of the lungs
- pyramidal
5. Corniculate Parietal pleura parts:
- paired 1. Costal pleura - underneath the cartilages
6. Cuneiform Cartilages 2. Diaphragmatic pleura - overlines the diaphragm
- paired 3. Mediastinal pleura - overlines the madiastinum
*cervical pleura (pleura copula)- located at the tip and is
Vocal cords enforced with fibrous extensions
False Vocal Cords (vestibular fold)
- non-movable
- surrounds the opening called “rima Lungs
vestibuli” - soft, spongy, elastic organs which weighs 0.5kg each
True Vocal Cords (Vocal folds) - Essential organs of respiration
- movable - situated on either side of the heart and the mediastinal
- surrounds the opening called “rima structure
glottidis” which is the narrowest part of the
adult larynx Features of the right lung:
*both are controlled by vocalis muscle 1. Three lobes - superior, middle, inferior
* if there is no air that can pass through rima glottidis it may 2. Two fissures - horizontal and oblique
develop asphyxia (inability to inhale oxygen) that can cause 3. Shorter, wider and heavier as compared to left
death 4. Deeper diaphragmatic surface due to presence of liver
