Our Lady of Fatima University
College of Pharmacy
Anatomy and Physiology
SPECIAL SENSES
Answer the following questions.
1. Explain how images are focused on the retina.
Images are formed when intersection of light rays happened at the cornea.
The focusing of images inside the retina will now then depend on how the bending
or refraction of lights occur inside the cornea and the lens because light rays diverge
in all directions.
2. What are the roles of the vestibule and semicircular canals in static and dynamic
equilibrium. Explain.
Vestibule contains utricle and saccule which both contains the macula, an
organ that contains hair cells responsible for steady reaction and changes in the
position of the head considering the gravity. Moreover, semicircular canals are
extensions from the vestibule that functions in balancing when there is a movement.
It uses its component called crista ampullaris which is made up of hair cells for
dynamic equilibrium.
3. Case Discussion:
Edward, a 65 year old male consulted an ophthalmologist because of redness of
his right eye. He also said that he is seeing halos around lights. His doctor used an
eye drop to widen his pupil, so that he can examine his eyes.
A. What eye drop did the ophthalmologist probably use to examine his
eyes? What is the mode of action of this drug?
Tropicamide is used as an eye drop because it can easily view the inside of an
eye through the widening of pupil. The mode of action of this drug is that it’s able
to relax the pupillary sphincter muscle that leads to pupil dilation. It also prevents
accomodation by blocking the muscarinic receptors of the ciliary body.
College of Pharmacy
Anatomy and Physiology
SPECIAL SENSES
Answer the following questions.
1. Explain how images are focused on the retina.
Images are formed when intersection of light rays happened at the cornea.
The focusing of images inside the retina will now then depend on how the bending
or refraction of lights occur inside the cornea and the lens because light rays diverge
in all directions.
2. What are the roles of the vestibule and semicircular canals in static and dynamic
equilibrium. Explain.
Vestibule contains utricle and saccule which both contains the macula, an
organ that contains hair cells responsible for steady reaction and changes in the
position of the head considering the gravity. Moreover, semicircular canals are
extensions from the vestibule that functions in balancing when there is a movement.
It uses its component called crista ampullaris which is made up of hair cells for
dynamic equilibrium.
3. Case Discussion:
Edward, a 65 year old male consulted an ophthalmologist because of redness of
his right eye. He also said that he is seeing halos around lights. His doctor used an
eye drop to widen his pupil, so that he can examine his eyes.
A. What eye drop did the ophthalmologist probably use to examine his
eyes? What is the mode of action of this drug?
Tropicamide is used as an eye drop because it can easily view the inside of an
eye through the widening of pupil. The mode of action of this drug is that it’s able
to relax the pupillary sphincter muscle that leads to pupil dilation. It also prevents
accomodation by blocking the muscarinic receptors of the ciliary body.
