Our Lady of Fatima University
Pelvis - union of major calyces
College of Pharmacy Major calyx - union of minor calyces
Anatomy and Physiology Nephrons - the structural and functional units of
kidneys
URINARY SYSTEM Explanation:
- The one responsible for the formation of urine Nephrons are the ones who produce urine so if
there’s a defective nephron, you will not be able to
Consists of 4 parts: produce urine, and the waste product will now be
1. Kidney distributed to the body that can cause diseases and
2. Ureter might lead to death
3. Urinary bladder
4. Urethra *Note: kidney is composed of 1 million nephrons
and the function of the kidney is to filter blood to
Explanation: remove the waste products
The kidney will form the urine and transport it to
the ureter and stored in the urinary bladder and Nephrons are composed of:
excreted to urethra Renal corpuscle
- made up of Glomerular capillaries and
Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule
1. KIDNEY Proximal convulated tubule
- paired - longest part of the nephron
- reddish brown Loop of Henle
- retroperitoneal Distal convoluted tubule
- right side is slightly lower than left because of the
presence of the liver *Note: Peritubular capillaries secretes eythropoetin
which is a hormone that stimulates the bone
Coverings: marrow to produce red blood cell. When people
undergoes dialysis, they are given synthetic
1. Renal Capsule - connective tissue erythropoetin to make up the loss of it due to the
2. Perirenal fat (perinephric fat) - cusion process but it is not enought that’s why they still
became anemic
3. Renal Fascia (gerota’s fascia)
- a connective tissue that continues with Parts of Nephrons
Bowman’s capsule
transversalis fascia 1. Visceral layer (inner layer) - composed of
4. Pararenal (paranephric fat) podocytes
2. Parietal layer (outer layer) - simple
- functions to protect the kidney during squamous epithelium
movement and traumatic involvement
Renal (Malphigian) corpuscle - combination of
- located behind the peritoneum glomerulus which is a capillaries and the bowman’s
capsule
Parts of the kidney
1. Cortex (outer) Explanation:
Renal columns (Bertini) - extensions of the From afferent arteriole it goes to the capillary and
cortex to the medulla then the urinary filtrate will be deposited to the
bowman’s capsule. The filtered blood, will now go
2. Medulla (inner) to the efferent arteriole and the urinary filtrate will
Medullary ray - extensions of medulla go to the proximal convulated tubule
towards the cortex
Pelvis - union of major calyces
College of Pharmacy Major calyx - union of minor calyces
Anatomy and Physiology Nephrons - the structural and functional units of
kidneys
URINARY SYSTEM Explanation:
- The one responsible for the formation of urine Nephrons are the ones who produce urine so if
there’s a defective nephron, you will not be able to
Consists of 4 parts: produce urine, and the waste product will now be
1. Kidney distributed to the body that can cause diseases and
2. Ureter might lead to death
3. Urinary bladder
4. Urethra *Note: kidney is composed of 1 million nephrons
and the function of the kidney is to filter blood to
Explanation: remove the waste products
The kidney will form the urine and transport it to
the ureter and stored in the urinary bladder and Nephrons are composed of:
excreted to urethra Renal corpuscle
- made up of Glomerular capillaries and
Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule
1. KIDNEY Proximal convulated tubule
- paired - longest part of the nephron
- reddish brown Loop of Henle
- retroperitoneal Distal convoluted tubule
- right side is slightly lower than left because of the
presence of the liver *Note: Peritubular capillaries secretes eythropoetin
which is a hormone that stimulates the bone
Coverings: marrow to produce red blood cell. When people
undergoes dialysis, they are given synthetic
1. Renal Capsule - connective tissue erythropoetin to make up the loss of it due to the
2. Perirenal fat (perinephric fat) - cusion process but it is not enought that’s why they still
became anemic
3. Renal Fascia (gerota’s fascia)
- a connective tissue that continues with Parts of Nephrons
Bowman’s capsule
transversalis fascia 1. Visceral layer (inner layer) - composed of
4. Pararenal (paranephric fat) podocytes
2. Parietal layer (outer layer) - simple
- functions to protect the kidney during squamous epithelium
movement and traumatic involvement
Renal (Malphigian) corpuscle - combination of
- located behind the peritoneum glomerulus which is a capillaries and the bowman’s
capsule
Parts of the kidney
1. Cortex (outer) Explanation:
Renal columns (Bertini) - extensions of the From afferent arteriole it goes to the capillary and
cortex to the medulla then the urinary filtrate will be deposited to the
bowman’s capsule. The filtered blood, will now go
2. Medulla (inner) to the efferent arteriole and the urinary filtrate will
Medullary ray - extensions of medulla go to the proximal convulated tubule
towards the cortex
