Investigating Psychology 1
Tests of Difference
How do we run and interpret statistical te
of difference between groups?
Dr Tom Hostler ()
, Today
• Research Designs for tests of difference
• Types of t-test
• Parametric assumptions and assumptions tests
• Interpreting t-test results
• Reporting t-test results
,Between Participants & Within Participa
Condition 2: Laptop
Is taking notes with a pen or laptop more effective for learning?
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE
Between-participants - Different participants in each condition
AKA: “Independent Groups”, “Independent Samples” “unrelated samples”
Within-participants – Same participants do both conditions
AKA: “Repeated Measures” “Related Samples” “Paired Samples”
, Between-Participants
AKA: “Independent Groups”
Disadvantages Advantages
1. Need twice as many people 1. Testing sessions are shorter
2. Participants less likely to
2. Can’t control for differences
between individuals (e.g.,
work out purpose of the
extraneous variables such as study and show demand
memory, writing ability, typing characteristics
ability, distractibility – more
error)
3. Control of fatigue or
practice effects
Tests of Difference
How do we run and interpret statistical te
of difference between groups?
Dr Tom Hostler ()
, Today
• Research Designs for tests of difference
• Types of t-test
• Parametric assumptions and assumptions tests
• Interpreting t-test results
• Reporting t-test results
,Between Participants & Within Participa
Condition 2: Laptop
Is taking notes with a pen or laptop more effective for learning?
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE
Between-participants - Different participants in each condition
AKA: “Independent Groups”, “Independent Samples” “unrelated samples”
Within-participants – Same participants do both conditions
AKA: “Repeated Measures” “Related Samples” “Paired Samples”
, Between-Participants
AKA: “Independent Groups”
Disadvantages Advantages
1. Need twice as many people 1. Testing sessions are shorter
2. Participants less likely to
2. Can’t control for differences
between individuals (e.g.,
work out purpose of the
extraneous variables such as study and show demand
memory, writing ability, typing characteristics
ability, distractibility – more
error)
3. Control of fatigue or
practice effects
