SCIN138Week 8 Exam ALL ANSWERS SOLVED SCORE A+ FALL 2021 SOLUTION 100% CORRECT

The number one factor causing landslides is (are) . • A. precipitation • B. volcanic eruptions • C. glaciation • D. freeze-thaw cycles • E. earthquakes Answer Key:A Question 2 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points Folds like anticlines and synclines are most associated with . • A. Tectonic shear • B. Tectonic compression • C. Erosion • D. Tectonic extension • E. Volcanism Answer Key:B Question 3 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points Shield volcanoes consist of . • A. Explosive pyroclastic material and low viscosity lava flows. • B. A combination of granitic lava and pyroclastic material with some rhyolite. • C. Mostly low viscosity basalt flows with a lower silica content. • D. Alternating layers of cinders and ash embedded in silica-rich lava flows. • E. Alternating layers of silica-rich rocks and intrusive igneous rocks such as basalt. Answer Key:C Question 4 of 50 0.0 / 2.0 Points In terms of groundwater resources, what properties make the best aquifer? • A. High porosity and high permeability • B. Low porosity and low permeability • C. Low porosity and high permeability • D. High porosity and no permeability • E. High porosity and low permeability Answer Key:A Question 5 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points James Hutton’s statement that “the present is the key to the past” (uniformitarianism) is demonstrated by . • A. ancient sedimentary rocks formed by similar processes as are observed today • B. gravity being a recent phenomenon and not changing metamorphic rocks in the past • C. the volcano that erupted last year on August 15 will occur every 10 years on that date • D. the fact that our human ancestors hunted dinosaurs for millennia • E. the Earth’s landscapes are fixed and have not changed Answer Key:A Feedback:01.3 Question 6 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points Where do we generally find the most quantity of explosive volcanic eruptions? • A. Subduction zone boundary • B. Ocean island hotspots • C. Transform plate boundary • D. Mid-oceanic ridges • E. Divergent plate boundary Answer Key:A Question 7 of 50 0.0 / 2.0 Points Where is the top of the asthenosphere closest to the earth’s surface? • A. Underneath a collision zone • B. In the center of continental plates (craton) • C. Underneath a transform fault • D. Next to a subduction zone • E. Underneath a mid-ocean ridge Answer Key:E Question 8 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points Applying the principles of relative age-dating to the diagram, which of the following is TRUE. Explanation of the diagram: "A" represents an unconformity (erosional surface), "B" is a basaltic dike, "C" is a shale formation, "D" is a sandstone formation, "E" is a limestone formation, "F" represents a thrust fault. • A. B is OLDER than F • B. A is YOUNGER than C • C. F is YOUNGER than A • D. E is OLDER than B • E. D is YOUNGER than C Answer Key:D Question 9 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points In the rock cycle, what processes directly link igneous rocks to metamorphic rocks? • A. weathering and erosion • B. melting and crystallization • C. compaction and cementation • D. recrystallization by high heat and pressure • E. deposition and lithification Answer Key:D Question 10 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points A coarse-grained (phaneritic texture) igneous rock formed . • A. on the surface of the earth in an explosive eruption • B. due to erosion, frost wedging, and weathering • C. deep under the surface of the earth • D. by immense direct pressure and heat • E. on the surface of the earth in a quiet (effusive) eruption Answer Key:C Question 11 of 50 2.0/ 2.0 Points When going from a magnitude 5 to a magnitude 6 earthquake on the Richter magnitude scale, what is the increase in seismic wave amplitude? • A. 100 • B. 10 • C. 2 • D. 1 • E. 0.5 Answer Key:B Question 12 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points What evidence did Alfred Wegener use for his hypothesis of continental drift? • A. trenches and subduction zones • B. earthquake patterns and GPS measurements • C. paleomagnetic patterns on either side of the mid-oceanic ridge • D. similar rocks and fossils on distant continents • E. mid-oceanic ridges and the age marine rocks Answer Key:D Question 13 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points The primary basis for classifying detrital (clastic) rocks is , whereas the primary basis for classifying chemical rocks is . • A. particle size ; mineral composition • B. particle shape ; trace elements • C. rock type ; rounding • D. sorting ; density • E. crystalline structure ; sorting Answer Key:A Question 14 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points In the scientific method, a hypothesis is , and a theory is . • A. a tentative untested explanation ; a law that has been universally accepted by the scientific community • B. an educated guess ; a law that has been universally accepted by the scientific community • C. an objective observation ; an idea that hasn’t been proven • D. an educated guess ; a tentative untested explanation • E. a tentative untested explanation ; well tested and widely accepted explanation Answer Key:E Feedback:01.1 Question 15 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points Which best explains the processes at the mid-oceanic ridge? • A. Plates converge creating new crust • B. Plates converge destroying old crust • C. Plates diverge creating new crust • D. Plates slide past each other destroying old crust • E. Plates diverge destroying old crust Answer Key:C Question 16 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points Scientific conclusions are based on . • A. subjective evidence and ancient books • B. public consensus • C. objective evidence and experiments • D. only quantitative data • E. polling of experts Answer Key:C Feedback:01.2 Question 17 of 50 2.0 / 2.0 Points When the radiometric clock starts ticking in zircon minerals, there is only 100% of the unstable radiometric parent isotope X and 0% of the stable daughter isotope Y. After testing in a lab millions of years later, there is 25% of the parent radiometric isotope and 75% of the daughter isotope. How many half lives have elapsed? • A. 1 • B. 2 • C. 0.5 • D. 0.25 • E. 3 Answer Key:B Question 18 of 50 2.0/ 2.0 Points The Precambrian Era is the time before abundant multicellular life with hard parts evolved. This