GGH2602 EXAM NOTES.

Section A Question 1 1.1 Spatial patterns are the way in which phenomena are distributed and arranged in their relative locations. Identify and briefly describe any 4 components of spatial patterns 1. Location (where) 2. connections or linkages (how they are linked, e.g. with roads or communication networks) 3. shape (e.g. circular, rectangular, linear) 4. size (indicated by means of words such as large, medium or small, or measured in km2 or ha) 5. density (number of phenomena per km2) 6. time (when) (5) 1.2 List any 5 examples of spatial patterns and indicate which factors lead to the formation of each pattern Background: → Spatial pattern =the way in which phenomena are distributed and arranged in their relative location → Spatial patterns are influenced by: 1. dimensionality of the phenomena observed or under investigation 2. and the distances between them. 3. proximity or adjacency (phenomena are close or next to other phenomena) 4. connectivity (the way in which they are linked) 5. containment (when one phenomenon is inside another). Answer: Circular: GGH2602 EXAM NOTES. MAY/JUNE 2016 Page 2 of 16 Traditional housing living in groups in a circular pattern or living around the foot of a mountain. 1. Random: Informal settlement or a mountainous area i.e. Drakensberg where houses are built between rivers and valleys, either for aesthetics or farmland space. 2. Regular: A town or city – usually urban – buildings built between roads to make them accessible. 3. Clustered: Natural resources such as water, possible man-made resources such as schools and electricity attract settlers near them. 4. Radial: A CBD in the center with all the amenities, moving out along highways and main roads towards suburbs. 5. Linear: Building directly along transport routes such as fishermen along a river, residents along main roads, factories along railway lines. (5) 1.3 Facilities are classified according to 3 different methods. these 3 methods and provide a short explanation of each method. 1. Classification according to function → Facilities can be classified according to function into categories such as education, health, recreation, cultural and administrative facilities. 2. Classification according to area served → Facilities can be classified as higher-order, middle-order, lower-order or mobile, depending on the area they serve (CSIR 2000). → The notion of higher-order and lower-order facilities or services is derived from a theoretical model developed by Christaller. 3. Classification according to provision sector