REVIEWER IN PHYSICAL IONIC BONDING
SCIENCE - metal + non metal
- results from transfer of one or more
CHEMICAL BONDING valence electrons from one atom to
- form when atoms lose, accept or another
share electrons - exists between a metal that has a
- atoms by themselves are less stable tendency to lose electrons and a non
- atoms in compounds combined metal that has a tendency to accept
through chemical bonding are more electrons
stable - when a non metal and a
representative-group metal react to
IONIC BONDING form a binary ionic compound, the
- metal + non metal ions form so that the valence electron
- only soluble in polar liquids config. of the non metal achieves the
- hard but brittle electron config. of the next noble gas
- high boiling/melting points atom
COVALENT BONDING CATION - loses electron
-non metal + non metal ANION - gains electron
-only soluble in non polar liquids
-weak and soft HOW TO WRITE IONIC CHEM.
-low boiling/melting points FORMULA
GIANT MOLECULAR REPRESENTATIVE-GROUP METALS
- non metal + non metal 1. Write the chemical symbol
- not soluble at all 2. Write the # of electrons to be given
- very hard & very strong and gained over the symbol
- very high boiling/melting points 3. Criss cross the electrons and drop
- insulator (except graphite) 4. Simplify if necessary
METALLIC TRANSITION METALS
-metal + metal 1. Same procedure with the
-not soluble at all representative-group metals
-hard & strong 2. But transition metals have variable
-high melting/boiling points valence electrons
-conduct electricity as liquids & solids
HOW TO WRITE LEWIS STRUCTURE
COMPOUND OF IONIC COMPOUND
- substance formed when two or more
elements join together chemically in REPRESENTATIVE GROUP METALS
definite amounts 1. From criss cross you know how
much electrons were given & gained
CHEMICAL BOND 2. After criss cross the subscript will be
- electrical attraction between the the coefficient
nuclei and valence electrons of an 3. The metal should have no lewis dot
atom and which binds atoms together symbol since it donated all its
- also called intramolecular force valence to be stable
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, 4. The non metal should have 8 lewis HOW TO WRITE LEWIS STRUCTURE
dot since it gained OF COVALENT COMPOUND
5. Place the element inside a bracket (elements follow octet rule except for H)
HOW TO NAME IONIC COMPOUND OCTET RULE
- elements form stable molecules when
REPRESENTATIVE-GROUP METALS surrounded by 8 electrons
1. Retain the name
2. Change the suffix to -IDE DUET RULE
- hydrogens forms stable molecules
TRANSITION METALS where it shares 2 electrons
1. Retain the name
2. Then write the oxide # in roman 1. Draw the lewis dot symbol of each
numeral inside parentheses element
3. Change the suffix to - IDE 2. Identify the # of electrons needed for
bonding to obey the rules
COVALENT BONDING 3. Draw a bond to connect the par of
- formed when sharing of an electron electrons found in the space
pair between atoms exists between atoms
- occurs between non metals 4. Count the # of electrons surrounding
- it could be polar or non polar the atom
POLAR COVALENT BOND HOW TO WRITE THE CHEMICAL
- bonding electrons shared unequally FORMULA OF COVALENT
between two atoms COMPOUND
- partial charges on atoms
1. Count for the # of atoms (no criss
• ELECTRONEGATIVITY cross & charge)
- tendency of an atom to attract 2. The less electronegative atom will
electrons toward itself be written first except for
Hydrocarbons (C-H compounds),
• DIPOLE NH3 and NH4
- two partially charged regions or poles
of a molecule HOW TO NAME THE CHEMICAL
FORMULA OF COVALENT
NON POLAR COVALENT BOND COMPOUND
- bonding electrons shared equally (except for Hydrocarbons (C-H
between two atoms compounds), NH3 and NH4)
- no charges on atoms
1. + prefix if >1 atom, no change in
IONIC BOND suffix
- complete transfer of one or more 2. + prefix all the time, change suffix to
valence electrons -IDE
- full charges on resulting ions Ex. P2O5 - Diphosphorous Pentoxide
POLAR EN > 1.7
NON POLAR 1.7 > EN > 0.4
IONIC EN < 0.4
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SCIENCE - metal + non metal
- results from transfer of one or more
CHEMICAL BONDING valence electrons from one atom to
- form when atoms lose, accept or another
share electrons - exists between a metal that has a
- atoms by themselves are less stable tendency to lose electrons and a non
- atoms in compounds combined metal that has a tendency to accept
through chemical bonding are more electrons
stable - when a non metal and a
representative-group metal react to
IONIC BONDING form a binary ionic compound, the
- metal + non metal ions form so that the valence electron
- only soluble in polar liquids config. of the non metal achieves the
- hard but brittle electron config. of the next noble gas
- high boiling/melting points atom
COVALENT BONDING CATION - loses electron
-non metal + non metal ANION - gains electron
-only soluble in non polar liquids
-weak and soft HOW TO WRITE IONIC CHEM.
-low boiling/melting points FORMULA
GIANT MOLECULAR REPRESENTATIVE-GROUP METALS
- non metal + non metal 1. Write the chemical symbol
- not soluble at all 2. Write the # of electrons to be given
- very hard & very strong and gained over the symbol
- very high boiling/melting points 3. Criss cross the electrons and drop
- insulator (except graphite) 4. Simplify if necessary
METALLIC TRANSITION METALS
-metal + metal 1. Same procedure with the
-not soluble at all representative-group metals
-hard & strong 2. But transition metals have variable
-high melting/boiling points valence electrons
-conduct electricity as liquids & solids
HOW TO WRITE LEWIS STRUCTURE
COMPOUND OF IONIC COMPOUND
- substance formed when two or more
elements join together chemically in REPRESENTATIVE GROUP METALS
definite amounts 1. From criss cross you know how
much electrons were given & gained
CHEMICAL BOND 2. After criss cross the subscript will be
- electrical attraction between the the coefficient
nuclei and valence electrons of an 3. The metal should have no lewis dot
atom and which binds atoms together symbol since it donated all its
- also called intramolecular force valence to be stable
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!
, 4. The non metal should have 8 lewis HOW TO WRITE LEWIS STRUCTURE
dot since it gained OF COVALENT COMPOUND
5. Place the element inside a bracket (elements follow octet rule except for H)
HOW TO NAME IONIC COMPOUND OCTET RULE
- elements form stable molecules when
REPRESENTATIVE-GROUP METALS surrounded by 8 electrons
1. Retain the name
2. Change the suffix to -IDE DUET RULE
- hydrogens forms stable molecules
TRANSITION METALS where it shares 2 electrons
1. Retain the name
2. Then write the oxide # in roman 1. Draw the lewis dot symbol of each
numeral inside parentheses element
3. Change the suffix to - IDE 2. Identify the # of electrons needed for
bonding to obey the rules
COVALENT BONDING 3. Draw a bond to connect the par of
- formed when sharing of an electron electrons found in the space
pair between atoms exists between atoms
- occurs between non metals 4. Count the # of electrons surrounding
- it could be polar or non polar the atom
POLAR COVALENT BOND HOW TO WRITE THE CHEMICAL
- bonding electrons shared unequally FORMULA OF COVALENT
between two atoms COMPOUND
- partial charges on atoms
1. Count for the # of atoms (no criss
• ELECTRONEGATIVITY cross & charge)
- tendency of an atom to attract 2. The less electronegative atom will
electrons toward itself be written first except for
Hydrocarbons (C-H compounds),
• DIPOLE NH3 and NH4
- two partially charged regions or poles
of a molecule HOW TO NAME THE CHEMICAL
FORMULA OF COVALENT
NON POLAR COVALENT BOND COMPOUND
- bonding electrons shared equally (except for Hydrocarbons (C-H
between two atoms compounds), NH3 and NH4)
- no charges on atoms
1. + prefix if >1 atom, no change in
IONIC BOND suffix
- complete transfer of one or more 2. + prefix all the time, change suffix to
valence electrons -IDE
- full charges on resulting ions Ex. P2O5 - Diphosphorous Pentoxide
POLAR EN > 1.7
NON POLAR 1.7 > EN > 0.4
IONIC EN < 0.4
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