Test Bank for Sociology A Global Perspective 8th Edition by Ferrante Ch_11_16_Practice_Questions

Chapter 11 Economics and Politics Multiple-Choice Questions 1. Approximately ___________ of India’s labor force (out of 480 million) work in outsourcing industries such as business and IT services. a. 2.5 million b. 250 million c. 250,000 d. 25 million ANS: A SEC: Why Focus On? TYP: knowledge SOURCE: new 2. Most of India’s labor force are part of the a. business sector. b. outsourcing industry. c. informal or unorganized economy. d. government. ANS: C SEC: Why Focus On? TYP: knowledge SOURCE: new 3. Which of the following is false regarding the ways government policies shape India’s economy? a. In the 1970’s, the government of India created five elite engineering universities. b. The Indian government created tax incentives to lure retailers such as Wal-Mart into the country. c. The Indian government does not allow companies such as Wal-Mart to enter its retail center. d. The Indian government has allowed “single-brand” retailers such as Nike and Nokia to create outlets in India. ANS: B SEC: Why Focus On? TYP: comprehension SOURCE: new Chapter 11 330 4. ____________ are institutions that coordinate human activity to produce, distribute, and consume goods and services. a. Economic systems b. Political systems c. Educational systems d. Religions ANS: A SEC: The Economy TYP: comprehension 5. ___________ include(s) any product that is manufactured, grown, or extracted from the earth. a. Services b. Goods c. Products d. Economics ANS: B SEC: The Economy TYP: comprehension SOURCE: new 6. Which one of the following would be classified as a “service?” a. growing food b. manufacturing clothing c. providing transportation d. building computer hardware ANS: C SEC: The Economy TYP: application 7. Which one of the following would be classified as “goods?” a. entertainment b. transportation c. financial services d. clothing ANS: D SEC: The Economy TYP: application SOURCE: study guide 8. Which of the following is not one of the three major, ongoing revolutions that have shaped the world’s economic system? a. agricultural b. scientific c. industrial d. information Economics and Politics 331 ANS: B SEC: The Economy TYP: comprehension SOURCE: new 9. _________________ include(s) activities performed by others that result in no tangible product, such as entertainment, transportation, and personal care. a. Services b. Goods c. Products d. Economics ANS: A SEC: The Economy TYP: comprehension 10. Wealth beyond what is needed to meet basic human needs such as food and shelter is known as a. excess wealth. b. surplus goods. c. surplus wealth. d. excessive wealth. ANS: C SEC: Types of Societies TYP: comprehension SOURCE: new 11. Each of the six types of societies (hunting and gathering, pastoral, horticultural, agrarian, industrial, and postindustrial) is distinguished by a. the amount of surplus wealth that the people living in them are able to produce. b. the level of inequality inherent in the society. c. their primary food source. d. their views on nature and the environment. ANS: A SEC: Types of Societies TYP: comprehension SOURCE: new 12. ________________ societies do not possess the technology that allows them to create surplus wealth. a. Pastoral b. Hunting and gathering c. Agricultural d. Horticultural ANS: B SEC: Types of Societies TYP: comprehension SOURCE: new Chapter 11 332 13. In India, there are an estimated 150,000 largely forest-dwelling peoples officially classified by the government as “primitive tribal groups.” These groups derive much of their subsistence from foraging and fall under the category a. pastoral. b. hunting and gathering. c. agricultural. d. horticultural. ANS: B SEC: Types of Societies TYP: comprehension SOURCE: new; study guide 14. The quote “the most successful and long-persistent lifestyle in the career of our species” refers to which type of society? a. pastoral b. hunting and gathering c. agricultural d. horticultural ANS: B SEC: Types of Societies TYP: comprehension SOURCE: new 15. The process of bringing plants and animals under human control is known as a. subjectification. b. agrarianism. c. domestification. d. horticulturalism. ANS: C SEC: Types of Societies TYP: comprehension SOURCE: new 16. “Domestication” is the hallmark of which two types of societies? a. hunting and gathering, agrarian b. horticultural, agrarian c. agricultural, horticultural d. pastoral, horticultural ANS: D SEC: Types of Societies TYP: comprehension SOURCE: new 17. ________________ societies rely on hand tools such as hoes and employ slash-and-burn technology. a. Agricultural b. Hunting and gathering c. Horticultural Economics and Politics 333 d. Primitive ANS: C SEC: Types of Societies TYP: comprehension SOURCE: new 18. The invention of the plow 6,000 years ago marked the emergence of _____________ societies. a. agricultural b. horticultural c. pastoral d. postindustrial ANS: A SEC: Types of Societies TYP: comprehension SOURCE: new 19. Which one of the following inventions fundamentally changed the status of women in relation to men? a. the plow b. the automobile c. dishwasher d. the light bulb ANS: A SEC: Types of Societies TYP: comprehension SOURCE: new 20. The innovation that turned the hand loom into a power loom, the horse-drawn carriage into the steam engine, and the blacksmith’s hammer into a power machine is a. capitalism. b. domestication. c. mechanization. d. the computer chip. ANS: C SEC: Types of Societies TYP: application SOURCE: study guide 21. India is a former colony of which one of the following countries? a. France b. United States c. Britain d. Germany ANS: C SEC: Types of Societies TYP: application SOURCE: study guide Chapter 11 334 22. Mass production and consumption were made possible through a. innovation. b. domestication. c. postindustrialization. d. industrialization. ANS: D SEC: Types of Societies TYP: application SOURCE: new; study guide 23. _____________ is a form of domination in which one country imposes its political, economic, social, and cultural institutions on an indigenous population and the land the indigenous population occupies. a. Mechanization b. Colonialization c. Industrialization d. Revolution ANS: B SEC: Types of Societies TYP: comprehension 24. Silicon chips, fiber optics, and satellites are technologies associated with the a. agricultural revolution. b. domestication revolution. c. Industrial Revolution. d. post-industrial revolution. ANS: D SEC: Types of Societies TYP: application 25. The distinguishing feature of the postindustrial society is a. the ability to produce goods and services at revolutionary speeds. b. the mass production of goods that allowed people to purchase more products than they needed. c. the tremendous change of scale in the number of people a person knows or can know. d. that a small percentage of the population can grow food needed to sustain society. ANS: C SEC: Types of Societies TYP: comprehension SOURCE: new 26. The skills needed for jobs in the ___________ revolve around interpersonal communication, reading, writing, and calculating. a. agricultural sector b. manufacturing sector Economics and Politics 335 c. postindustrial economy d. secondary economy ANS: C SEC: Types of Societies TYP: comprehension 27. __________________ economies are defined by the manipulation of numbers, words, images, and other symbols. a. Colonial b. Agricultural c. Postindustrial d. Industrial ANS: C SEC: Types of Societies TYP: comprehension 28. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of capitalism? a. private ownership of property b. profit-driven c. governed by law of supply and demand d. government-regulated economies ANS: D SEC: Economic Systems TYP: comprehension 29. _____________ is the most important characteristic of capitalistic systems. a. Government-run b. Profit-driven c. Technologically-focused d. Collective ownership ANS: B SEC: Economic Systems TYP: comprehension SOURCE : new 30. _____________ is a cornerstone of the socialist economic system. a. Private property b. Self-interest c. Public ownership d. Profit ANS: C SEC: Economic Systems TYP: comprehension 31. The term ________ was first used in the early 19th century in response to the excessive poverty and inequality that accompanied the Industrial Revolution