Summary for GGH.

Summary for GGH. Spatial Patterns The term “spatial pattern” refers to the way in which phenomena are distributed and arranged in their relative location Components of spatial patterns are: 1. Location (where) 2. connections or linkages (how they are linked, e.g. with roads or communication networks) 3. shape (e.g. circular, rectangular, linear) 4. size (indicated by means of words such as large, medium or small, or measured in km2 or ha) 5. density (number of phenomena per km2) 6. time (when) Spatial patterns can be influenced by 1. distance, proximity or adjacency (phenomena are close or next to other phenomena) 2. connectivity (the way in which they are linked) 3. containment (when one phenomenon is inside another). 3. Spatial Processes Various spatial processes relating to services provision can be identified: Page 2 of 73 S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: mkhizenhlaks | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 1. The movement of people, goods and services between different places. 2. Planning for provision of services. 3. Immigration and emigration, including rural–urban migration and the inflow of refugees. 4. The inflow of water to and the removal of wastewater and sewage from a particular region. 5. Urban sprawl (expansion of a city). 6. Densification of suburbs (e.g. by the subdivision of large erven and the building of a second dwelling on a single plot). 7. Environmental degradation and its impact. 4. Spatial plans & Strategies → Spatial strategies relating to various resolutions can be implemented from regional to local level to deal with particular problems and to guide spatial development. Example: Open spaces can be protected through the development of a municipal open-space system (MOSS) that links various open spaces in order to maintain ecosystems and protect biodiversity. Geographical Methods, Tools and Instruments 1. Photographs and Videos →A great deal of information can be derived from photographs or videos, without the need for any additional comments. Questions to examine photographs: 1. What can you see in the foreground and in the background of Page 3 of 73 S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: mkhizenhlaks | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace the photograph? 2. Is there anything to tell you in which season or at what time of day the photograph was taken? 3. Are there any people represented? 4. What are they doing?