INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) 1-1
1.1. INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT)
The Internet helped people to connect with static information available but now it is helping to build
connection from people to people, people to physical objects and physical objects to other physical objects.
The speedy growth of Internet data is making networked connections more relevant and valuable. Also it
creates exciting business opportunities for industries. Almost all every area, every device, every sensor,
every software are connected to each other. The ability to access these devices through a Smartphone or
through a computer is called IoT (Internet of Things). These devices are accessed remotely. The Internet
of things (IoT) is one of the top three technological advancements of the next decade together with the
mobile, internet and the automation of knowledge work.
The idea is that not only your computer and your Smartphone can talk to each other, but also
all the things around you. From connected homes and cities to connected cars and machines
to devices that track an individual's behavior and use the data collected for new kind of services.
IoT is basically a platform where we connect everyday things KEY TERMS . . . . .
embedded with electronics, software, and sensors to the internet
l Computer Network. A computer
enabling them to collect and exchange data. In this way, each of network is a group of computers
your devices will learning from the experiences of other devices linked to each other that enables the
just as humans do. The consumer products, durable goods, cars and computer to communicate with
another computer and share their
trucks, industrial and utility components, sensors, and other everyday
resources, data, and appli-cations.
objects are being combined with Internet connectivity and powerful
l Internet. The Internet is a massive
data analytic capabilities that promise to transform the way we work network of networks, a networking
live and play as shown in Fig. 1.1. infrastructure. It connects millions of
computers together globally, forming
a network in which any computer can
communicate with any other
computer as long as they are both
connected to the Internet
Fig.1.1. Internet of Things (IoT)
INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
,1-2 INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)
For example a user has a camera installed in his house he might KEY POINTS . . . . .
want to check the video recordings and all the feeds through a web What are the requirements for IoT
server. Another example if a user detects some changes in the Networks?
refrigerator the user can remotely adjust the temperature via their l The capacity to connect a large
phone. number of heterogeneous elements
l High reliability
1.1.1 Definition of IoT l Real-time data transmission with
minimum delays
Internet of Things is a new revolution of the Internet. Objects make l The ability to protect all data flows
themselves recognizable and they obtain intelligence by making or l The ability to configure applications
enabling context related decisions thanks to the fact that they can l Monitoring and traffic management at
the device level
communicate information about themselves. They can access l Cost-effectiveness for a large number
information that has been aggregated by other things, or they can be of connected objects
components of complex services. There is however no single
universal definition.
IoT is a network of physical objects. The internet is not only a network of computers but it has evolved
into a network of device of all type and sizes. They are vehicles, smart phones, home appliances, toys,
cameras, medical instruments and industrial systems, animals, people and buildings. They all are connected,
communicating and sharing information based on stipulated
protocols in order to achieve smart reorganizations, positioning,
KEY TERMS . . . . .
tracing, safe and control and even personal real time online Where is IoT used?
l The Internet of things (IoT) is the inter-
monitoring , online upgrade, process control and administration. networking of physical devices,
We can define Internet of things is an internet of three things as vehicles, smart-devices, building, and
other items embedded with
shown in Fig.1.2: (a). People to people, (b) People to machine or electronics, software, sensors,
things, (c) Things or machine to things or machine, Interacting actuators, and network connectivity
through internet." which enable these objects to collect
and exchange data.
What is Physical Object?
l Physical objects are the ‘‘things’’ that
are embedded with software,
electronics, network and sensors
which allow these objects to collect
and exchange data without any
human intervention.
What is automation and control?
l Automation or automatic control is
the use of various control systems for
operating equipment such as
machinery, processes in factories,
boilers and heat treating ovens,
switching on telephone networks,
steering and stabilization of ships,
aircraft and other applications and
vehicles with minimal or reduced
Fig.1.2. IoT Internet of Three Things human.
‘‘The Internet of Things (IoT) can be defined as a network of physical objects called ‘‘things’’
that are embedded with software, electronics, network and sensors which allows these objects
to collect and exchange data without any human intervention.’’
INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
, INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) 1-3
‘‘Sensors and actuators embedded in physical objects are linked through wired and wireless
networks, often using the same Internet Protocol (IP) that connects the Internet’’
– McKinsey
IoT is an advanced automation and analytics system which exploits networking, sensing, big
data, and artificial intelligence technology to deliver complete systems for a product or service.
These systems allow greater transparency, control and performance when applied to any
industry or system.
IoT is defined as a system of interrelated Physical Objects, Sensors, Actuators, Virtual Objects,
People, Services, Platforms, and Networks that have separate identifiers and an ability to
transfer data independently.
The goal of the Internet of Things is to enable things to be connected anytime, anyplace, with anything and
anyone ideally using any path/network and any service as shown in Fig. 1.3.
KEY POINTS . . . . .
IoT devices can range from simple to
complex. Here are some examples of IoT
devices which will be used within this
book:
l A smart door is an electronic door
which can be sent commands to be
locked or unlocked remotely. It can
also report on its current state (OPEN,
CLOSED or LOCKED),
l A Bell can be sent a command to
activate and ring for a short period.
l A Motion Sensor can be queried to
return the number of people who
have passed by since it was last reset.
l A Smart Lamp can be switched on or
off remotely. It can also report on its
current state (ON or OFF). When
switched on, a Motion Sensor within
Fig.1.3. IoT Anytime, Anyplace, with Anything the device checks to see if light is
needed and will dim if no-one is
The Internet of things will involve a massive build-out of connected nearby. Furthermore the device can
devices and sensors woven into the fabric of our lives and businesses. be report on the current luminosity
of the bulb.
Devices deeply embedded in public and private places will recognize
As you can see, the Bell is an example
us and adapt to our requirements for comfort, safety, streamlined of a pure actuator, as it only reacts to
commerce, entertainment, education, resource conservation, the given commands. Meanwhile the
operational efficiency and personal well-being. IoT systems have Motion Sensor is an example of a pure
applications across industries through their unique flexibility and sensor, since it will only report on the
state of the world as it sees it. The
ability to be suitable in any environment. They enhance data other two devices are able to both
collection, automation, operations, and much more through smart respond to commands and report on
devices and powerful enabling technology. state in a meaningful way.
INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
1.1. INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT)
The Internet helped people to connect with static information available but now it is helping to build
connection from people to people, people to physical objects and physical objects to other physical objects.
The speedy growth of Internet data is making networked connections more relevant and valuable. Also it
creates exciting business opportunities for industries. Almost all every area, every device, every sensor,
every software are connected to each other. The ability to access these devices through a Smartphone or
through a computer is called IoT (Internet of Things). These devices are accessed remotely. The Internet
of things (IoT) is one of the top three technological advancements of the next decade together with the
mobile, internet and the automation of knowledge work.
The idea is that not only your computer and your Smartphone can talk to each other, but also
all the things around you. From connected homes and cities to connected cars and machines
to devices that track an individual's behavior and use the data collected for new kind of services.
IoT is basically a platform where we connect everyday things KEY TERMS . . . . .
embedded with electronics, software, and sensors to the internet
l Computer Network. A computer
enabling them to collect and exchange data. In this way, each of network is a group of computers
your devices will learning from the experiences of other devices linked to each other that enables the
just as humans do. The consumer products, durable goods, cars and computer to communicate with
another computer and share their
trucks, industrial and utility components, sensors, and other everyday
resources, data, and appli-cations.
objects are being combined with Internet connectivity and powerful
l Internet. The Internet is a massive
data analytic capabilities that promise to transform the way we work network of networks, a networking
live and play as shown in Fig. 1.1. infrastructure. It connects millions of
computers together globally, forming
a network in which any computer can
communicate with any other
computer as long as they are both
connected to the Internet
Fig.1.1. Internet of Things (IoT)
INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
,1-2 INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)
For example a user has a camera installed in his house he might KEY POINTS . . . . .
want to check the video recordings and all the feeds through a web What are the requirements for IoT
server. Another example if a user detects some changes in the Networks?
refrigerator the user can remotely adjust the temperature via their l The capacity to connect a large
phone. number of heterogeneous elements
l High reliability
1.1.1 Definition of IoT l Real-time data transmission with
minimum delays
Internet of Things is a new revolution of the Internet. Objects make l The ability to protect all data flows
themselves recognizable and they obtain intelligence by making or l The ability to configure applications
enabling context related decisions thanks to the fact that they can l Monitoring and traffic management at
the device level
communicate information about themselves. They can access l Cost-effectiveness for a large number
information that has been aggregated by other things, or they can be of connected objects
components of complex services. There is however no single
universal definition.
IoT is a network of physical objects. The internet is not only a network of computers but it has evolved
into a network of device of all type and sizes. They are vehicles, smart phones, home appliances, toys,
cameras, medical instruments and industrial systems, animals, people and buildings. They all are connected,
communicating and sharing information based on stipulated
protocols in order to achieve smart reorganizations, positioning,
KEY TERMS . . . . .
tracing, safe and control and even personal real time online Where is IoT used?
l The Internet of things (IoT) is the inter-
monitoring , online upgrade, process control and administration. networking of physical devices,
We can define Internet of things is an internet of three things as vehicles, smart-devices, building, and
other items embedded with
shown in Fig.1.2: (a). People to people, (b) People to machine or electronics, software, sensors,
things, (c) Things or machine to things or machine, Interacting actuators, and network connectivity
through internet." which enable these objects to collect
and exchange data.
What is Physical Object?
l Physical objects are the ‘‘things’’ that
are embedded with software,
electronics, network and sensors
which allow these objects to collect
and exchange data without any
human intervention.
What is automation and control?
l Automation or automatic control is
the use of various control systems for
operating equipment such as
machinery, processes in factories,
boilers and heat treating ovens,
switching on telephone networks,
steering and stabilization of ships,
aircraft and other applications and
vehicles with minimal or reduced
Fig.1.2. IoT Internet of Three Things human.
‘‘The Internet of Things (IoT) can be defined as a network of physical objects called ‘‘things’’
that are embedded with software, electronics, network and sensors which allows these objects
to collect and exchange data without any human intervention.’’
INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
, INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) 1-3
‘‘Sensors and actuators embedded in physical objects are linked through wired and wireless
networks, often using the same Internet Protocol (IP) that connects the Internet’’
– McKinsey
IoT is an advanced automation and analytics system which exploits networking, sensing, big
data, and artificial intelligence technology to deliver complete systems for a product or service.
These systems allow greater transparency, control and performance when applied to any
industry or system.
IoT is defined as a system of interrelated Physical Objects, Sensors, Actuators, Virtual Objects,
People, Services, Platforms, and Networks that have separate identifiers and an ability to
transfer data independently.
The goal of the Internet of Things is to enable things to be connected anytime, anyplace, with anything and
anyone ideally using any path/network and any service as shown in Fig. 1.3.
KEY POINTS . . . . .
IoT devices can range from simple to
complex. Here are some examples of IoT
devices which will be used within this
book:
l A smart door is an electronic door
which can be sent commands to be
locked or unlocked remotely. It can
also report on its current state (OPEN,
CLOSED or LOCKED),
l A Bell can be sent a command to
activate and ring for a short period.
l A Motion Sensor can be queried to
return the number of people who
have passed by since it was last reset.
l A Smart Lamp can be switched on or
off remotely. It can also report on its
current state (ON or OFF). When
switched on, a Motion Sensor within
Fig.1.3. IoT Anytime, Anyplace, with Anything the device checks to see if light is
needed and will dim if no-one is
The Internet of things will involve a massive build-out of connected nearby. Furthermore the device can
devices and sensors woven into the fabric of our lives and businesses. be report on the current luminosity
of the bulb.
Devices deeply embedded in public and private places will recognize
As you can see, the Bell is an example
us and adapt to our requirements for comfort, safety, streamlined of a pure actuator, as it only reacts to
commerce, entertainment, education, resource conservation, the given commands. Meanwhile the
operational efficiency and personal well-being. IoT systems have Motion Sensor is an example of a pure
applications across industries through their unique flexibility and sensor, since it will only report on the
state of the world as it sees it. The
ability to be suitable in any environment. They enhance data other two devices are able to both
collection, automation, operations, and much more through smart respond to commands and report on
devices and powerful enabling technology. state in a meaningful way.
INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
