Essentials of Pathophysiology – Final Exam Review Sheet Covers Material from Modules 1-10 Nov 2021

1. Review the difference between homeostasis and allostasis. Allostasis is the overall process of adaptive change necessary 2. What is epidemiology? . Epidemiology the branch of medicine that deals with the study of the causes, distribution, and control of disease in populations….Review the different levels of disease prevention such as primary- prevention in terms of improved nutrition, economy, housing, and sanitation Secondary- prevention that lead to the early diagnosis of disease and, in some cases, cure tertiaryprevention-once a disease becomes established, treatment as well as examples for each. Epidemiology the branch of medicine that deals with the study of the causes, distribution, and control of disease in populations. Primary- prevention in terms of improved nutrition, economy, housing, and sanitation… Secondaryprevention that lead to the early diagnosis of disease and, in some cases, cure… Tertiary preventiononce a disease becomes established, treatment 3. Review the differences between the sympathetic vs the parasympathetic nervous systems. What happens to the body during “fight-or-flight” response? Sympathetic- stressful stimulus and release of norepinephrine. Parasympathetic-rest/relax 4. Review the functions of the various organelles of the cell such as the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosome, lysosome, endoplasmic reticulum- cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis. peroxisome- breakdown of very long chain fatty acids through beta oxidation golgi apparatus- a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular in molecules in sacs called cisternae and the transport of synthesized proteins in vesicles to the