Chapter 70- Management of Patients With Infectious Diseases

Chapter 70- Management of Patients With Infectious Diseases Brunner: Medical-Surgical Nursing, 11th Edition Test Bank Chapter 70: Management of Patients With Infectious Diseases Multiple Choice 1. Upon assessment, the nurse would expect to find which skin problem when caring for a patient with Lyme disease? A) Petechiae B) Eczema C) Erythema migrans D) Psoriasis Ans: C Chapter: 70 Cognitive Level: Application Difficulty: Moderate Integrated Process: Nursing Process Objective: 10 Patient Needs: A-1 Feedback: Erythema migrans, the rash frequently associated with Lyme disease, is often described as having an expanding bull's-eye appearance. It may be confused with a spider bite. Petechiae are pinpoint skin hemorrhages not associated with Lyme disease. Eczema and psoriasis are skin conditions but are not associated with Lyme disease. 2. When caring for a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), the nurse knows that the presenting clinical manifestations include which of the following? A) Nausea and vomiting B) Diarrhea and dehydration C) Dizziness and tinnitus D) Fever and cough Ans: D Chapter: 70 Cognitive Level: Application Difficulty: Moderate Integrated Process: Nursing Process Objective: 6 Patient Needs: A-1 Feedback: Patients with SARS, an influenza-like disease, present with fever and cough. A minority will progress to respiratory distress. Nausea and vomiting typically do not occur as a presenting manifestation of SARS. Diarrhea and dehydration are associated with GI disturbances. Dizziness and tinnitus are associated with neurological diseases. 3. A child has been admitted to the pediatric unit with infectious diarrhea. The nurse should be alert to the following indicator of dehydration? A) Moist mucous membranes B) Weak pulse C) Profuse salivation D) Increased tearing Ans: B Chapter: 70 Cognitive Level: Application Difficulty: Moderate Integrated Process: Nursing Process Objective: 2 Patient Needs: A-1 Feedback: Assessment of dehydration includes evaluation of thirst, oral mucous membrane dryness, sunken eyes, a weakened pulse, and loss of skin turgor. Profuse salivation and increased tearing are not indicators of dehydration. 4. A 6-year-old child has acute diarrhea from taking an antibiotic for a respiratory infection. Which of the following foods would the nurse teach the mother is appropriate to prevent diarrhea and dehydration? A) Yogurt B) Canned soda C) Undiluted grape juice D) Jell-O Ans: A Chapter: 70 Cognitive Level: Application Difficulty: Moderate Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning Objective: 9 Patient Needs: B-2 Feedback: Recommended foods are starches, cereals, yogurt, fruits, and vegetables. Children who normally eat semisolid or solid food should have that food offered. Foods that are high in simple sugars, such as undiluted grape juice, canned soda, or gelatin should be avoided. 5. A patient currently in the nursing home has been diagnosed with Clostridium difficile. To prevent the spread of this infectious disease to other residents, the nurse would utilize which type of precaution? A) Contact B) Droplet C) Airborne D) No precautions are necessary Ans: A Chapter: 70 Cognitive Level: Application Difficulty: Moderate Integrated Process: Nursing Process Objective: 5 Patient Needs: A-2 Feedback: Control of Clostridium difficile is best achieved by intensifying cleaning, using contact precautions for infected patients, and stressing glove use and hand hygiene for all care workers. Droplet precautions are used for organisms that can be transmitted by close, face-toface contact, such as influenza or meningococcal meningitis. Airborne precautions are required for patients with presumed or proven pulmonary tuberculosis or chickenpox. 6.