Farmingdale State College
NUR 307 Study Guide Exam 3 Pediatrics
Spring 2021
Exam 3 Modules 8-11
Atraumatic care Ricci Ch. 30; Ch. 10
Techniques (therapeutic play and methods of communication for various age-groups, etc.):
Therapeutic play (type of play that provides an emotional outlet or
improves the child’s ability to cope with the stress of illness and
hospitalization). *
TABLE 30.3 Communicating Effectively with Children
Age Techniques
Infants • Respond to crying in a timely fashion.
• Allow the infant time to warm up to you.
• Use a soothing and calming tone when speaking to the infant.
• Talk to the infant directly.
• Communication through play may be helpful with older infants.
• Watch for signs of overstimulation such as closing eyes, turning away, yawning, and irritability.
Toddlers • Approach toddlers carefully; they are often not only fearful but also quite resistant.
• Use the toddler’s preferred words for objects or actions so he or she is better able to understand.
• Toddlers enjoy stories, dolls, and books.
• Participate in parallel play to help start communication.
• Prepare toddlers for procedures just before they are about to occur.
Preschoolers • Use play, puppets, or storytelling via a third-party approach.
• Speak honestly.
• Use simple, concrete terms.
• Ask specific questions.
• Allow the child to have choices as appropriate.
• Participate in imaginative play to help open communication.
• Prepare preschoolers about 1 hour prior to a procedure.
School-age children • Use diagrams, illustrations, books, and videos.
• Allow the child to honestly express feelings.
• Use third-party stories to elicit desired information (such as “some children feel anxious about….”).
• Allow the child to ask questions related to care and treatment. Give the child adequate time for all of the questio
• Prepare the child a few days in advance for a procedure.
1
FSC Spr 2021 DD
, Farmingdale State College
NUR 307 Study Guide Exam 3 Pediatrics
Spring 2021
Adolescents • Always respect the teenager’s need for privacy.
• Ensure confidentiality.
• Remain nonjudgmental.
• Listen attentively and speak respectfully.
• Use appropriate medical terminology, defining words as necessary.
• Use creativity and humor.
• Do not force the adolescent to talk as this may shut down communication.
• Prepare the teen up to 1 week prior to a procedure.
Family centered care: Respect. Recognition of the effects of cultural, racial, ethnic, and
socioeconomic diversity on the family’s health care experience. ID & expand strengths. Support,
Maintain flexibility. Allow and encourage them to be involved as much as possible.
Sense of control: Provide effective communication and teaching.
(Find a balance between neutral and affective communication.
Use verbal communication and nonverbal communication.
Use developmental techniques for communicating with children.)
Assist family to obtain necessary information and resources.
Maintain the child’s home routine related to activities of daily living.
In the hospital, use primary nursing.
Encourage the child to have a security item present, if desired.
Involve the child and family in planning care from the moment of the first
encounter.
Empower the family and child by providing knowledge.
Allow the child and family choices when they are available.
Make the environment more inviting and less intimidating.
Child and family education: Overall goals for the child and family include the ability of children
and families to make informed decisions, to perform basic health care skills, to recognize when
the child has a problem and know how to respond to the problem, and to know how to get
answers when questions arise.
Diverse Settings Ricci Ch. 33; ATI Ch. 1,10
2
FSC Spr 2021 DD
, Farmingdale State College
NUR 307 Study Guide Exam 3 Pediatrics
Spring 2021
Reasons for hospitalizations (various age groups):
Children younger than 5 years
o Respiratory diseases (asthma, pneumonia)
Older children
o Respiratory diseases, mental health problems, injuries, and gastrointestinal
disorders
Adolescents
o Problems related to pregnancy, childbearing, mental health, and injury
Psychological effects of hospitalization (children & family):
Anxiety and fear related to the overall process
Potential for bodily injury, physical harm, and pain
Separation from home, family, friends, etc.
o Anger and guilt
o Separation anxiety
o Regression
o Other types of defense mechanisms
3
FSC Spr 2021 DD
NUR 307 Study Guide Exam 3 Pediatrics
Spring 2021
Exam 3 Modules 8-11
Atraumatic care Ricci Ch. 30; Ch. 10
Techniques (therapeutic play and methods of communication for various age-groups, etc.):
Therapeutic play (type of play that provides an emotional outlet or
improves the child’s ability to cope with the stress of illness and
hospitalization). *
TABLE 30.3 Communicating Effectively with Children
Age Techniques
Infants • Respond to crying in a timely fashion.
• Allow the infant time to warm up to you.
• Use a soothing and calming tone when speaking to the infant.
• Talk to the infant directly.
• Communication through play may be helpful with older infants.
• Watch for signs of overstimulation such as closing eyes, turning away, yawning, and irritability.
Toddlers • Approach toddlers carefully; they are often not only fearful but also quite resistant.
• Use the toddler’s preferred words for objects or actions so he or she is better able to understand.
• Toddlers enjoy stories, dolls, and books.
• Participate in parallel play to help start communication.
• Prepare toddlers for procedures just before they are about to occur.
Preschoolers • Use play, puppets, or storytelling via a third-party approach.
• Speak honestly.
• Use simple, concrete terms.
• Ask specific questions.
• Allow the child to have choices as appropriate.
• Participate in imaginative play to help open communication.
• Prepare preschoolers about 1 hour prior to a procedure.
School-age children • Use diagrams, illustrations, books, and videos.
• Allow the child to honestly express feelings.
• Use third-party stories to elicit desired information (such as “some children feel anxious about….”).
• Allow the child to ask questions related to care and treatment. Give the child adequate time for all of the questio
• Prepare the child a few days in advance for a procedure.
1
FSC Spr 2021 DD
, Farmingdale State College
NUR 307 Study Guide Exam 3 Pediatrics
Spring 2021
Adolescents • Always respect the teenager’s need for privacy.
• Ensure confidentiality.
• Remain nonjudgmental.
• Listen attentively and speak respectfully.
• Use appropriate medical terminology, defining words as necessary.
• Use creativity and humor.
• Do not force the adolescent to talk as this may shut down communication.
• Prepare the teen up to 1 week prior to a procedure.
Family centered care: Respect. Recognition of the effects of cultural, racial, ethnic, and
socioeconomic diversity on the family’s health care experience. ID & expand strengths. Support,
Maintain flexibility. Allow and encourage them to be involved as much as possible.
Sense of control: Provide effective communication and teaching.
(Find a balance between neutral and affective communication.
Use verbal communication and nonverbal communication.
Use developmental techniques for communicating with children.)
Assist family to obtain necessary information and resources.
Maintain the child’s home routine related to activities of daily living.
In the hospital, use primary nursing.
Encourage the child to have a security item present, if desired.
Involve the child and family in planning care from the moment of the first
encounter.
Empower the family and child by providing knowledge.
Allow the child and family choices when they are available.
Make the environment more inviting and less intimidating.
Child and family education: Overall goals for the child and family include the ability of children
and families to make informed decisions, to perform basic health care skills, to recognize when
the child has a problem and know how to respond to the problem, and to know how to get
answers when questions arise.
Diverse Settings Ricci Ch. 33; ATI Ch. 1,10
2
FSC Spr 2021 DD
, Farmingdale State College
NUR 307 Study Guide Exam 3 Pediatrics
Spring 2021
Reasons for hospitalizations (various age groups):
Children younger than 5 years
o Respiratory diseases (asthma, pneumonia)
Older children
o Respiratory diseases, mental health problems, injuries, and gastrointestinal
disorders
Adolescents
o Problems related to pregnancy, childbearing, mental health, and injury
Psychological effects of hospitalization (children & family):
Anxiety and fear related to the overall process
Potential for bodily injury, physical harm, and pain
Separation from home, family, friends, etc.
o Anger and guilt
o Separation anxiety
o Regression
o Other types of defense mechanisms
3
FSC Spr 2021 DD
