Chromatography
Definition : Chromatography is a very specific and selective physical
separation technique , especially for the separation of mixtures of closely
related compounds utilizing the small differences in the distribution of each
component between two phases ..
Mobile phase stationary phase
Type of mobile phase . Type of stationary phase .
1_ (LC) mobile phase is liquid 1_ Adsorption chromatography :
2_ (GC) mobile phase is gas the stationary phase is solid like silica
Mobile phase can be (LSC) or (GSC)
2_ Partition chromato :
( S.PH ) is liquid held ( water)
usually an inert support like
silica gel , cellulose.
3_ Ion - Exchange chromato: (S.PH) an
ionically charged surface
of opposite charge to the sample .
Cation exchange chromatography
Retains positively charge cations
because the (S.PH) displays a
negatively charged functional group .
also anion .
4_ Gel -Filtration chromate (SEC) :
This method in which particles are
separation based on their size.
( S.PH) is a polymer with certain pore size
Basic techniques of chromatography
1_ Column chromatography ( CC)
2_ Paper chromatography (PC)
3_ Thin-layer chromatography (TLC)
4_ Gas chromatography ( GC)
5_ High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
,#IMPORTENT NOTE …
1_ The polarity of mobile phase is what controls the separation of
substances in the chromatography .
2_ All chromatographic separation are two phase ( mobile and
stationary phase ) .. and distribution in two phase according
distribution coefficient (K) .. Depends on many factor .
_ solubility , volatility , adsorption , molecular size , intermolecular
force .
3_ Intermolecular force that control magnitude of (K) ..
The magnitude of (K) depends on the relative affinity of the
compound for the two phases .
4_ This picture show the mobile phase flow direction and substance
distribution after a period of time .
, #PART TWO
COLUMN CHROMTOGRAPHY
_ Components of column chromatography:
1_ Apparatus :
A_ column
B_ Collecting device
2_ Chromatographic system :
A_ Adsorbent (stationary phase): ( Ideal adsorbent is silica gel )
B_ Solvent system :
# This picture show the shape of column chromatography and component
with simple explanation of the preparation of column :
Definition : Chromatography is a very specific and selective physical
separation technique , especially for the separation of mixtures of closely
related compounds utilizing the small differences in the distribution of each
component between two phases ..
Mobile phase stationary phase
Type of mobile phase . Type of stationary phase .
1_ (LC) mobile phase is liquid 1_ Adsorption chromatography :
2_ (GC) mobile phase is gas the stationary phase is solid like silica
Mobile phase can be (LSC) or (GSC)
2_ Partition chromato :
( S.PH ) is liquid held ( water)
usually an inert support like
silica gel , cellulose.
3_ Ion - Exchange chromato: (S.PH) an
ionically charged surface
of opposite charge to the sample .
Cation exchange chromatography
Retains positively charge cations
because the (S.PH) displays a
negatively charged functional group .
also anion .
4_ Gel -Filtration chromate (SEC) :
This method in which particles are
separation based on their size.
( S.PH) is a polymer with certain pore size
Basic techniques of chromatography
1_ Column chromatography ( CC)
2_ Paper chromatography (PC)
3_ Thin-layer chromatography (TLC)
4_ Gas chromatography ( GC)
5_ High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
,#IMPORTENT NOTE …
1_ The polarity of mobile phase is what controls the separation of
substances in the chromatography .
2_ All chromatographic separation are two phase ( mobile and
stationary phase ) .. and distribution in two phase according
distribution coefficient (K) .. Depends on many factor .
_ solubility , volatility , adsorption , molecular size , intermolecular
force .
3_ Intermolecular force that control magnitude of (K) ..
The magnitude of (K) depends on the relative affinity of the
compound for the two phases .
4_ This picture show the mobile phase flow direction and substance
distribution after a period of time .
, #PART TWO
COLUMN CHROMTOGRAPHY
_ Components of column chromatography:
1_ Apparatus :
A_ column
B_ Collecting device
2_ Chromatographic system :
A_ Adsorbent (stationary phase): ( Ideal adsorbent is silica gel )
B_ Solvent system :
# This picture show the shape of column chromatography and component
with simple explanation of the preparation of column :
