Chapter 1 Economics Foundations and Models

Chapter 1 Economics Foundations and Models Chapter 1 Economics: Foundations and Models 1.1 Three Key Economic Ideas 1) Recent changes occurring within the U.S. health care system, including lower insurance reimbursement rates, have resulted in A) a growing number of doctor's choosing to open private practices. B) more medical practices being owned by hospitals than by individual doctors. C) a majority of hospitals closing routine medical practices in order to focus only on emergency care facilities. D) a majority of doctors working directly for insurance companies. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 3 Topic: Scarcity Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking Special Feature: Chapter Opener: Is the Private Doctor's Office Going to Disappear? 2) In economics, choices must be made because we live in a world of A) unemployment. B) scarcity. C) greed. D) unlimited resources. Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4 Topic: Scarcity *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 3) Which of the following statements is true about scarcity? A) Scarcity refers to the situation in which unlimited wants exceed limited resources. B) Scarcity is not a problem for the wealthy. C) Scarcity is only a problem when a country has too large a population. D) Scarcity arises when there is a wide disparity in income distribution. Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4 Topic: Scarcity *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 4) The basic economic problem of ________ has always existed and will continue to exist. A) scarcity B) efficiency C) inflation D) recession Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4 Topic: Scarcity *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 5) By definition, economics is the study of A) how to make money in the stock market. B) how to make money in a market economy. C) the choices people make to attain their goals, given their scarce resources. D) supply and demand. Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4 Topic: Scarcity *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 6) An economic ________ is a simplified version of some aspect of economic life used to analyze an economic issue. A) market B) trade-off C) variable D) model Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4 Topic: Economic Models *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 7) Where do economic agents such as individuals, firms and nations, interact with each other? A) in public locations monitored by the government B) in any arena that brings together buyers and sellers C) in any physical location people where people can physically get together for selling goods, such as shopping malls D) in any location where transactions can be monitored by consumer groups and taxed by the government Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4 Topic: Markets *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 8) The term ________ in economics refers to a group of buyers and sellers of a product and the arrangement by which they come together to trade. A) collective B) cooperative C) market D) trade-off Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4 Topic: Markets *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 9) Economists assume that individuals A) behave in unpredictable ways. B) will never take actions to help others. C) prefer to live in a society that values fairness above all else. D) are rational and respond to incentives. Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 5 Topic: People Are Rational *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 10) Economists assume that rational behavior is useful in explaining choices people make A) because irrational people do not make economic choices. B) even though people may not behave rationally all the time. C) because individuals act rationally all the time in all circumstances. D) even though people rarely, if ever, behave in a rational manner. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 Topic: People Are Rational *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 11) Economists assume that rational people do all of the following except A) use all available information as they act to achieve their goals. B) undertake activities that benefit others and hurt themselves. C) weigh the benefits and costs of all possible alternative actions. D) respond to economic incentives. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 Topic: People Are Rational *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 12) Economics does not study correct or incorrect behaviors but rather it assumes that economic agents behave ________, meaning they make the best decisions given their knowledge of the costs and benefits. A) equitably B) rationally C) emotionally D) selfishly Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 Topic: People Are Rational *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 13) Consider the following statements: a. Car owners purchase more gasoline from a gas station that sells gasoline at a lower price than other rival gas stations in the area. b. Banks do not take steps to increase security since they believe it is less costly to allow some bank robberies than to install expensive security monitoring equipment. c. Firms produce more of a particular DVD when its selling price rises. Which of the above statements demonstrates that economic agents respond to incentives? A) a only. B) b only. C) c only. D) a and b. E) a, b, and c. Answer: E Diff: 3 Page Ref: 5 Topic: People Respond to Economic Incentives *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 14) Suppose that some teachers have decided that economic and financial uncertainty have made the prospect of retiring more risky, and therefore carry a higher cost than not retiring. By using all available information as they act to achieve their goals, these teachers are exemplifying the economic idea that A) people are rational. B) people respond to economic incentives. C) optimal decisions are made at the margin. D) equity is more important than efficiency. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 Topic: People Are Rational *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 15) Suppose that some investors have decided that economic and financial uncertainty have made the prospect of investing in domestic stock markets more risky than investing in foreign stock markets, and therefore choose to invest in foreign markets. By using all available information as they act to achieve their goals, these investors are exemplifying the economic idea that A) people are rational. B) people respond to economic incentives. C) optimal decisions are made at the margin. D) equity is more important than efficiency. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 Topic: People Are Rational *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 16) Suppose the U.S. government encouraged new medical school graduates to take over existing practices from doctors wishing to retire by paying both the new and retiring doctors $100,000. These doctors would be exemplifying the economic idea that A) people are rational. B) people respond to economic incentives. C) optimal decisions are made at the margin. D) equity is more important than efficiency. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 Topic: People Respond to Economic Incentives *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 17) Suppose the U.S. government encouraged consumers to trade in their old automobiles for more efficient, new models by paying up to $5,000 for the old automobiles. These consumers would be exemplifying the economic idea that A) people are rational. B) people respond to economic incentives. C) optimal decisions are made at the margin. D) equity is more important than efficiency. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 Topic: People Respond to Economic Incentives *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 18) Holding all other personal characteristics-such as age, gender, and income-constant, economists would expect that A) people with health insurance will be less likely to be overweight than people without health insurance. B) people with health insurance will be more likely to be overweight than people without health insurance. C) people with health insurance will be equally likely to be overweight as people without health insurance. D) there is no correlation between having health insurance and being overweight. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5-7 Topic: People Respond to Economic Incentives Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking Special Feature: Making the Connection: Does Health Insurance Give People an Incentive to Become Obese? 19) Since 1994, obesity rates in the United States A) have been on a slow and steady decline. B) have increased in all 50 states. C) have primarily increased in the Southeast and remained constant or slightly decreased in the remainder of the country. D) have remained fairly constant throughout the country. Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 5-7 Topic: People Respond to Economic Incentives Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist Special Feature: Making the Connection: Does Health Insurance Give People an Incentive to Become Obese? 20) In economics, the term ________ means "additional" or "extra." A) allocative B) marginal C) equity D) optimal Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 21) A grocery store sells a bag of potatoes at a fixed price of $2.30. Which of the following is a term used by economists to describe the money received from the sale of an additional bag of potatoes? A) marginal revenue B) gross earnings C) pure profit D) marginal costs E) net benefit Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 22) Economists reason that the optimal decision is to continue any activity up to the point where the A) marginal benefit is zero. B) marginal benefit is greater than the marginal cost. C) marginal cost is zero. D) marginal benefit equals the marginal cost. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 23) Marginal analysis involves undertaking an activity A) until its marginal costs start declining. B) only when its marginal benefits are positive. C) until its marginal benefits equal marginal costs. D) only if its marginal costs are greater than its marginal benefits. Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 24) The revenue received from the sale of ________ of a product is a marginal benefit to the firm. A) an additional unit B) the total number of units C) no units D) only profitable units Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 25) Making optimal decisions "at the margin" requires A) making decisions according to one's whims and fancies. B) making consistently irrational decisions. C) weighing the costs and benefits of a decision before deciding if it should be pursued. D) making borderline decisions. Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 26) Making "how much" decisions involve A) calculating the total benefits of the activity and determining if you are satisfied with that amount. B) calculating the total costs of the activity and determining if you can afford to incur that expenditure. C) calculating the average benefit and the average cost of an activity to determine if it is worthwhile undertaking that activity. D) determining the additional benefits and the additional costs of that activity. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 27) The extra cost associated with undertaking an activity is called A) net loss. B) marginal cost. C) opportunity cost. D) foregone cost. Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 28) DeShawn's Detailing is a service that details cars at the customers' homes or places of work. DeShawn's cost for a basic detailing package is $40, and he charges $75 for this service. For a total price of $90, DeShawn will also detail the car's engine, a service that adds an additional $20 to the total cost of the package. What is DeShawn's marginal benefit if he sells a basic detailing package? A) $35 B) $75 C) He makes a marginal loss of $15, not a marginal benefit. D) The marginal benefit cannot be determined. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 29) DeShawn's Detailing is a service that details cars at the customers' homes or places of work. DeShawn's cost for a basic detailing package is $40, and he charges $75 for this service. For a total price of $90, DeShawn will also detail the car's engine, a service that adds an additional $20 to the total cost of the package. What is the marginal cost of adding the engine detailing to the basic detailing package? A) $20 B) $30 C) $60 D) $60 plus the value of his time Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 30) DeShawn's Detailing is a service that details cars at the customers' homes or places of work. DeShawn's cost for a basic detailing package is $40, and he charges $75 for this service. For a total price of $90, DeShawn will also detail the car's engine, a service that adds an additional $20 to the total cost of the package. Should DeShawn continue to offer the engine detailing service? A) Yes, he still makes a profit by selling the engine detailing service with the basic detailing package. B) Yes, but only if he raises the price of the basic detailing package. C) No, his marginal benefit is less than his marginal cost. D) More information is needed for DeShawn to make this decision. Answer: Diff: 3 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 31) Allison's Auto Art is a company that applies pinstripes to vehicles. Allison's cost for a basic 1-color pinstriping job is $35, and she charges $95 for this service. For a total price of $175, Allison will apply a fancier 3-color pinstripe application to an automobile, a service that adds an additional $40 to the total cost of the package. What is Allison's marginal benefit if she sells a basic 1-color job? A) $35 B) $60 C) $95 D) The marginal benefit cannot be determined. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 32) Allison's Auto Art is a company that applies pinstripes to vehicles. Allison's cost for a basic 1-color pinstriping job is $35, and she charges $95 for this service. For a total price of $175, Allison will apply a fancier 3-color pinstripe application to an automobile, a service that adds an additional $40 to the total cost of the package. What is the marginal cost of moving up from the 1-color application to the 3-color application? A) $35 B) $40 C) $80 D) $175 Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 33) Allison's Auto Art is a company that applies pinstripes to vehicles. Allison's cost for a basic 1-color pinstriping job is $35, and she charges $95 for this service. For a total price of $175, Allison will apply a fancier 3-color pinstripe application to an automobile, a service that adds an additional $40 to the total cost of the package. Should Allison continue to offer the 3-color pinstripe application? A) Yes, she still makes a profit by selling the 3-color application. B) Yes, but only if she lowers the price of the 1-color application. C) No, her marginal benefit is less than her marginal cost. D) More information is needed for Allison to make this decision. Answer: Diff: 3 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking Scenario 1-1 Suppose a cell phone manufacturer currently sells 20,000 cell phones per week and makes a profit of $5,000 per week. A manager at the plant observes, "Although the last 3,000 cell phones we produced and sold increased our revenue by $6,000 and our costs by $6,700, we are still making an overall profit of $5,000 per week so I think we're on the right track. We are producing the optimal number of cell phones." 34) Refer to Scenario 1-1. Using marginal analysis terminology, what is another economic term for the incremental revenue received from the sale of the last 3,000 cell phones? A) gross earnings B) marginal revenue C) sales revenue D) gross profit Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 35) Refer to Scenario 1-1. Using marginal analysis terminology, what is another economic term for the incremental cost of producing the last 3,000 cell phones? A) marginal cost B) operating cost C) explicit cost D) Any of the above terms are correct. Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 36) Refer to Scenario 1-1. Had the firm not produced and sold the last 3,000 cell phones, would its profit be higher or lower, and if so by how much? A) Its profit will be $6,700 higher. B) Its profit will be $700 higher. C) Its profit will be $700 lower. D) Its profit will be $6,000 lower. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking Table 1-1 Hours Open Total Revenue (dollars) 1 $50 2 75 3 95 4 110 5 120 6 125 Lydia runs a small nail salon in the town of New Hope. She is debating whether she should extend her hours of operation. Lydia figures that her sales revenue will depend on the number of hours the nail salon is open as shown in the table above. She would have to hire a worker for those hours at a wage rate of $10 per hour. 37) Refer to Table 1-1. Using marginal analysis, how many hours should Lydia extend her nail salon's hours of operations? A) 2 hours B) 3 hours C) 4 hours D) 5 hours E) 6 hours Answer: Diff: 3 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 38) Refer to Table 1-1. What is Lydia's marginal benefit if she decides to stay open for two hours instead of one hour? A) $25 B) $50 C) $75 D) $125 Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 39) Refer to Table 1-1. What is Lydia's marginal cost if she decides to stay open for two hours instead of one hour? A) $10 B) $20 C) $25 D) $40 Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking Table 1-2 Hours Open Total Revenue (dollars) 1 $25 2 45 3 70 4 90 5 105 6 110 Thuy Anh runs a small flower shop in the town of Florabunda. She is debating whether she should extend her hours of operation. Thuy Anh figures that her sales revenue will depend on the number of hours the flower shop is open as shown in the table above. She would have to hire a worker for those hours at a wage rate of $16 per hour. 40) Refer to Table 1-2. Using marginal analysis, how many hours should Thuy Anh extend her flower shop's hours of operations? A) 2 hours B) 3 hours C) 4 hours D) 5 hours E) 6 hours Answer: Diff: 3 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 41) Refer to Table 1-2. What is Thuy Anh's marginal benefit if she decides to stay open for three hours instead of two hours? A) $0 B) $20 C) $25 D) $45 E) $70 Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 42) Refer to Table 1-2. What is Thuy Anh's marginal cost if she decides to stay open for three hours instead of two hours? A) $0 B) $16 C) $25 D) $32 E) $45 Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 43) Soo Jin shares a one-bedroom apartment with her classmate. Her share of the rent is $700 per month. She is considering moving to a studio apartment which she will not have to share with anyone. The studio apartment rents for $950 per month. Recently, you ran into Soo Jin on campus and she tells you that she has moved into the studio apartment. Soo Jin is as rational as any other person. As an economics major, you rightly conclude that A) Soo Jin did not have a choice; her roommate was a slob. B) Soo Jin figures that the additional benefit of having her own place (as opposed to sharing) is at least $250. C) Soo Jin figures that the benefit of having her own place (as opposed to sharing) is at least $950. D) the cost of having one's own space outweighs the benefits. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 44) If the marginal cost of keeping a doctor's office open one additional hour per day is $200, then the doctor should keep the office open for one extra hour A) only if the marginal benefit she receives is greater than $200 plus an acceptable profit margin. B) as long as the marginal benefit she receives is just equal to or greater than $200. C) as long as the marginal cost does not rise. D) until the marginal benefit she receives reaches zero. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7-8 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking Special Feature: Solved Problem: A Doctor Makes a Decision at the Margin 45) Consider the following statements: a. Consumers buy more MP3 players from an electronics store that sells MP3 players at a lower price than other rival electronics stores in the area. b. Schools take steps to increase security since they believe it is more costly to allow vandalism than to hire additional security guards. c. Citrus growers produce more oranges when the selling price of oranges falls. Which of the above statements demonstrates that economic agents respond to incentives? A) a only. B) b only. C) c only. D) a and b. E) a, b, and c. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 Topic: People Respond to Economic Incentives *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 46) A restaurant sells a large soft drink at a fixed price of $1.79. A term used by economists to describe the money received from the sale of an additional large soft drink is A) marginal revenue. B) gross earnings. C) pure profit. D) net benefit. Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 47) The ________ the sale of an additional unit of a product is a marginal benefit to the firm. A) revenue received from B) extra cost of C) total value of D) sales tax on Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 48) Which of the following is an example of a "how much" decision? A) Dinah's Diner is only open for breakfast and lunch. Dinah is trying to decide whether to open for dinner as well.. B) Zander has torn up his front yard and is debating whether to plant grass or install a rock garden.. C) You received a nice birthday check from your grandmother and are deciding on whether to spend it on a trip to New York or a trip to San Francisco. D) Sergio quit his job to go back to school full time. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 49) Pookie's Pinball Palace restores old Pinball machines. Pookie has just spent $300 purchasing and cleaning a 1960s-era machine which he expects to sell for $2,000 once he is finished with the restoration. After having spent $300, Pookie discovers that he will need to rewire the entire machine at a cost of $1,100 in order to finish the restoration. Alternatively, he can sell the machine "as is" now for $1,000. What is his marginal benefit if he sells the machine "as is" now? A) $300 B) $900 C) $1,000 D) The marginal benefit cannot be determined. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 50) Pookie's Pinball Palace restores old Pinball machines. Pookie has just spent $300 purchasing and cleaning a 1960s-era machine which he expects to sell for $2,000 once he is finished with the restoration. After having spent $300, Pookie discovers that he will need to rewire the entire machine at a cost of $1,100 in order to finish the restoration. Alternatively, he can sell the machine "as is" now for $1,000. What is the marginal cost of completing the task? A) $300 B) $800 C) $1,100 D) $1,400 Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 51) Pookie's Pinball Palace restores old Pinball machines. Pookie has just spent $300 purchasing and cleaning a 1960s-era machine which he expects to sell for $2,000 once he is finished with the restoration. After having spent $300, Pookie discovers that he will need to rewire the entire machine at a cost of $1,100 in order to finish the restoration. Alternatively, he can sell the machine "as is" now for $1,000. What should he do? A) He should sell the machine now to make the most profit. B) It does not matter what he does; he is going to take a loss on his project. C) He should rewire the machine, complete the task and then sell the machine. D) He should have never purchased the machine because he has already spent too much time on it and has not been paid for that time. Answer: Diff: 3 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking Scenario 1-2 Suppose a hat manufacturer currently sells 2,000 hats per week and makes a profit of $5,000 per week. The plant owner observes, "Although the last 300 hats we produced and sold increased our revenue by $1,000 and our costs by $1,100, we are still making an overall profit of $5,000 per week so I think we're on the right track. We are producing the optimal number of hats." 52) Refer to Scenario 1-2. Using marginal analysis terminology, another economic term for the incremental revenue received from the sale of the last 300 hats is A) gross earnings. B) marginal revenue. C) sales revenue. D) gross profit. Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 53) Refer to Scenario 1-2. Using marginal analysis terminology, another economic term for the incremental cost of producing the last 300 hats is A) marginal cost. B) operating cost. C) explicit cost. D) Any of the above terms are correct. Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 54) Refer to Scenario 1-2. Had the firm not produced and sold the last 300 hats, would its profit be higher or lower, and if so by how much? A) Its profit will be $1,100 higher. B) Its profit will be $100 higher. C) Its profit will be $100 lower. D) Its profit will be $1,000 lower. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking Table 1-3 Hours Open Total Revenue (dollars) 1 $70 2 120 3 160 4 184 5 200 6 210 Santiago runs a comic book store in the town of East Arbor. He is debating whether he should extend his hours of operation. Santiago figures that his sales revenue will depend on the number of hours the store is open as shown in the table above. He would have to hire a worker for those hours at a wage rate of $18 per hour. 55) Refer to Table 1-3. Using marginal analysis, determine how many hours should Santiago extend his store's hours of operations? A) 2 hours B) 3 hours C) 4 hours D) 5 hours E) 6 hours Answer: Diff: 3 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 56) Refer to Table 1-3. What is Santiago's marginal benefit if he decides to stay open for two hours instead of one hour? A) $40 B) $50 C) $120 D) $190 Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 57) Refer to Table 1-3. What is Santiago's marginal cost if he decides to stay open for two hours instead of one hour? A) $18 B) $36 C) $38 D) $102 Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 58) Damian shares a small food truck with his sister. His share of the expenses is $500 per month. He has decided to get his own, newer food truck which he will not have to share with anyone. His expenses for the newer truck are $1,400 per month. Damian is as rational as any other person. As an economics major, you rightly conclude that A) Damian cannot afford the newer truck and will have to go back to sharing a truck with his sister. B) Damian figures that the additional benefit of having his own truck (as opposed to sharing) is at least $900. C) Damian figures that the benefit of having his own truck (as opposed to sharing) is at least $1,400. D) the cost of having one's own truck outweighs the benefits. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 59) As recently as 2000, ________ percent of doctors were in private practice and by 2013, ________ percent of doctors were in private practice. A) only 20; more than 70 B) nearly 60; less than 40 C) about 50; about 50 D) over 80; less than 15 Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 3 Topic: Scarcity Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking Special Feature: Chapter Opener: Is the Private Doctor's Office Going to Disappear? 60) The study of economics arises due to A) money. B) scarcity. C) greed. D) resources. Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4 Topic: Scarcity *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 61) Scarcity refers to the situation in which A) unlimited wants exceed limited resources. B) unlimited resources exceed limited wants. C) a country's population is larger than its resource base. D) a nation's poverty level increases faster than its population. Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4 Topic: Scarcity *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 62) The basic economic problem of scarcity A) has always existed and will continue to exist. B) will eventually disappear as technology continues to advance. C) is a problem only in developing economies. D) does not apply to the wealthy in society. Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4 Topic: Scarcity *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 63) Economics is the study of the ________ people make to attain their goals, given their ________ resources. A) purchases; unlimited B) choices; scarce C) income; available D) decisions; household Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4 Topic: Scarcity *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 64) What is an economic model? A) It is a description of an economic issue that includes all possible related information. B) It is a description of an economic issue based on official government information. C) It is a detailed version of some aspect of economic life used to analyze an economic issue. D) It is a simplified version of some aspect of economic life used to analyze an economic issue. Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4 Topic: Economic Models *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 65) The term "market" in economics refers to A) a place where money changes hands. B) a legal institution where exchange can take place. C) a group of buyers and sellers of a product and the arrangement by which they come together to trade. D) an organization which sells goods and services. Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4 Topic: Markets *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 66) Economists assume that A) individuals behave in unpredictable ways. B) consumer behavior is explained by the existence of unlimited resources. C) people put other people's interests ahead of their own. D) optimal decisions are made at the margin. Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 67) Which of the following best describes an assumption economists make about human behavior? A) They assume that individuals act rationally all the time in all circumstances. B) They assume that rational behavior is useful in explaining choices people make even though people may not behave rationally all the time. C) They assume that people take into account the question of fairness in all decisions they make. D) They assume that individuals act randomly. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 Topic: People Are Rational *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 68) Economists assume that rational people A) never use all available information as they act to achieve their goals. B) undertake activities that benefit others and hurt themselves. C) only weigh the benefits and costs of the most desirable alternative actions. D) respond to economic incentives. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 Topic: People Are Rational *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 69) Your roommate, Serafina, a psychology major, said, "The problem with economics is that it assumes that consumers and firms always make the correct decision. But we know that everyone's human, and we all make mistakes." Do you agree with her comment? A) Yes, I agree with her. One cannot make predictions about economic behavior because in reality people make incorrect choices in many situations. B) I disagree with her. Economics does not study correct or incorrect behaviors but rather it assumes that economic agents behave rationally, meaning they make the best decisions given their knowledge of the costs and benefits. C) Yes, I agree with her. Economic theory should allow for irrational behavior so that we can have more reliable predictions. D) I disagree with her. If we cannot assume that decisions are correct, then we will not be able to examine the moral implications of these decisions. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 Topic: People Are Rational *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 70) Consider the following statements: a. Consumers rent more DVDs from a video store that rents DVDs at a lower price than other rival video stores in the area. b. Department stores take steps to increase security since they believe it is more costly to allow shoplifting than to install expensive security monitoring equipment. c. Farmers produce more cotton when its selling price falls. Which of the above statements demonstrates that economic agents respond to incentives? A) a only. B) b only. C) c only. D) a and b. E) a, b, and c. Answer: Diff: 3 Page Ref: 5 Topic: People Respond to Economic Incentives *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 71) In the first six months of 2003, branches of Commerce Bank in New York City were robbed 14 times. The New York City Police recommended steps the bank could take to deter robberies, including the installation of plastic barriers called "bandit barriers." The police were surprised the bank did not take their advice. According to a deputy commissioner of police, "Commerce does very little of what we recommend. They've told our detectives they have no interest in ever putting in the barriers." It would seem that Commerce bank would have a strong incentive to install "bandit barriers" to deter robberies. Why wouldn't they do it? A) The banks would rather delay installation of any theft deterring equipment in anticipation of new lower cost innovations in the security devices market. B) The banks must have weighed the cost of installing bandit barriers against the benefits and decided that they have "no interest in ever putting in the barriers." C) The banks are concerned that "bandit barriers" would send the wrong message to customers -- that the bank is unsafe. D) The banks probably resent any interference from the police department. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 Topic: People Respond to Economic Incentives *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 72) Holding all other personal characteristics-such as age, gender, and income-constant, economists would expect that A) people without health insurance will be less likely to be overweight than people with health insurance. B) people without health insurance will be more likely to be overweight than people with health insurance. C) people without health insurance will be equally likely to be overweight as people with health insurance. D) there is no correlation between not having health insurance and being overweight. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5-7 Topic: People Respond to Economic Incentives Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking Special Feature: Making the Connection: Does Health Insurance Give People an Incentive to Become Obese? 73) According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ________ in 2013 in which less than 20 percent of the population was considered obese. A) Colorado was the only state B) there were only 5 states C) there were more than 25 states D) there were no states Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5-7 Topic: People Respond to Economic Incentives Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking Special Feature: Making the Connection: Does Health Insurance Give People an Incentive to Become Obese? 74) What does the term "marginal" mean in economics? A) the edge of a market B) an additional or extra C) illegal D) secondary E) trivial Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 75) An office supply store sells a ream of printer paper at a fixed price of $4.50. Which of the following is a term used by economists to describe the money received from the sale of an additional ream of paper? A) marginal revenue B) gross earnings C) pure profit D) marginal costs E) net benefit Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 76) Economics promotes which of the following as the way to make the best decision? A) Continue an enjoyable activity as long as you do not have to pay for it. B) Continue an enjoyable activity until it is no longer enjoyable. C) Continue an enjoyable activity until you cannot afford to pursue it. D) Continue an enjoyable activity up to the point where its marginal benefit equals its marginal cost. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 77) ________ involves undertaking an activity until its marginal benefits equal marginal costs. A) Scarcity reduction B) Central planning C) Marginal analysis D) Market intervention Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 78) The revenue received from the sale of an additional unit of a product A) is a marginal benefit to the firm. B) is called profit. C) is called gross sales. D) is called a net gain. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 79) The cost incurred from the production of an additional unit of a product A) is a marginal cost to the firm. B) is called a loss. C) is called opportunity cost. D) must be zero for a firm to be efficient. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 80) Before a doctor decides to keep her office open on Saturdays, she should A) make sure that the marginal cost of doing so will exceed the marginal benefit. B) only consider the increase in total profit from doing so. C) weigh the costs and benefits of staying open on Saturdays before deciding if she should go through with this idea. D) only look at the marginal benefit of doing so, because marginal cost will not change. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7-8 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking Special Feature: Solved Problem: A Doctor Makes a Decision at the Margin 81) If the marginal cost of producing a television is constant at $200, then a firm should produce this item. A) only if the marginal benefit it receives is greater than $200 plus an acceptable profit margin. B) as long as the marginal benefit it receives is just equal to or greater than $200. C) as long as its marginal cost does not rise. D) until the marginal benefit it receives reaches zero. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 82) Which of the following is an example of a "how much" decision? A) The Pleasantville movie theatre is open only in the evenings. The theatre's manager is debating whether to add daily matinee shows. B) The Zhous have demolished their old home and are debating whether to build a ranch-style house or a Craftsman home. C) You're planning to hold a graduation party and must decide between having your party catered or having a pot-luck. D) Chelsea has withdrawn from the swim team to take up a full-time job. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 83) Which of the following is an example of a "how much" decision? A) Octavia is debating whether to buy a pair of Jimmy Choo shoes or Steve Madden boots. B) Humberto has taken a second job to earn money to buy a Harley-Davidson SuperLow Sportster. C) You plan on going to Las Vegas for your birthday and are deciding if you should fly or drive. D) Diana is trying to decide if she should open her pet shop on Sundays. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 84) Marginal cost is the ________ associated with undertaking an activity. A) total cost B) extra cost. C) opportunity cost. D) foregone cost. Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 85) Cassie's Quilts alters, reconstructs and restores heirloom quilts. Cassie has just spent $800 purchasing, cleaning and reconstructing an antique quilt which she expects to sell for $1,500 once she is finished. After having spent $800, Cassie discovers that she would need some special period fabric that would cost her $200 in material and time in order to complete the task. Alternatively, she can sell the quilt "as is" now for $900. What is her marginal benefit if she sells the quilt "as is" now? A) $100 B) $900 C) She makes a marginal loss of $600, not a marginal benefit. D) The marginal benefit cannot be determined. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 86) Cassie's Quilts alters, reconstructs and restores heirloom quilts. Cassie has just spent $800 purchasing, cleaning and reconstructing an antique quilt which she expects to sell for $1,500 once she is finished. After having spent $800, Cassie discovers that she would need some special period fabric that would cost her $200 in material and time in order to complete the task. Alternatively, she can sell the quilt "as is" now for $900. What is the marginal cost of completing the task? A) $200 B) $500 C) $1,000 D) $1,000 plus the value of her time Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 87) Cassie's Quilts alters, reconstructs and restores heirloom quilts. Cassie has just spent $800 purchasing, cleaning and reconstructing an antique quilt which she expects to sell for $1,500 once she is finished. After having spent $800, Cassie discovers that she would need some special period fabric that would cost her $200 in material and time in order to complete the task. Alternatively, she can sell the quilt "as is" now for $900. What should she do? A) She should cut her losses and sell the quilt now. B) It does not matter what she does; she is going to take a loss on her project. C) She should purchase the period fabric, complete the task and then sell the quilt. D) She should not do anymore work on the quilt because she has already spent too much time on it and has not been paid for that time. Answer: Diff: 3 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 88) Lionel's Lawn Care is a company that maintains residential yards. Lionel's cost for his standard package of mowing, edging, and trimming is $15, and he charges $25 for this service. For a total price of $40, Lionel will also trim shrubs, a service that adds an additional $10 to the total cost of the standard package. What is Lionel's marginal benefit if he sells the standard package? A) $10 B) $15 C) $25 D) $40 Answer: Diff: 3 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 89) Lionel's Lawn Care is a company that maintains residential yards. Lionel's cost for his standard package of mowing, edging, and trimming is $15, and he charges $25 for this service. For a total price of $40, Lionel will also trim shrubs, a service that adds an additional $10 to the total cost of the standard package. What is Lionel's marginal cost of adding the shrub-trimming service to the standard package? A) $10 B) $15 C) $25 D) $40 Answer: Diff: 3 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 90) Lionel's Lawn Care is a company that maintains residential yards. Lionel's cost for his standard package of mowing, edging, and trimming is $15, and he charges $25 for this service. For a total price of $40, Lionel will also trim shrubs, a service that adds an additional $10 to the total cost of the standard package. Should Lionel continue to offer the shrub-trimming service? A) Yes, his marginal benefit is greater than his marginal cost. B) Yes, but only if he raises the price of the standard package. C) No, his marginal benefit is less than his marginal cost. D) More information is needed for Lionel to make this decision. Answer: Diff: 3 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking Scenario 1-3 Suppose a t-shirt manufacturer currently sells 5,000 t-shirts per week and makes a profit of $10,000 per week. A manager at the plant observes, "Although the last 400 t-shirts we produced and sold increased our revenue by $4,000 and our costs by $4,800, we are still making an overall profit of $10,000 per week so I think we're on the right track. We are producing the optimal number of t-shirts." 91) Refer to Scenario 1-3. Using marginal analysis terminology, what is another economic term for the incremental revenue received from the sale of the last 400 t-shirts? A) gross earnings B) marginal revenue C) sales revenue D) gross profit Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 92) Refer to Scenario 1-3. Using marginal analysis terminology, what is another economic term for the incremental cost of producing the last 400 t-shirts? A) marginal cost B) operating cost C) explicit cost D) Any of the above terms are correct. Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 93) Refer to Scenario 1-3. Had the firm not produced and sold the last 400 t-shirts, would its profit be higher or lower, and if so by how much? A) Its profit will be $4,800 higher. B) Its profit will be $800 higher. C) Its profit will be $800 lower. D) Its profit will be $4,000 lower. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking Table 1-4 Hours Open Total Revenue (dollars) 1 $35 2 60 3 80 4 92 5 100 6 105 Eva runs a small bakery in the village of Roggerli. She is debating whether she should extend her hours of operation. Eva figures that her sales revenue will depend on the number of hours the bakery is open as shown in the table above. She would have to hire a worker for those hours at a wage rate of $12 per hour. 94) Refer to Table 1-4. Using marginal analysis, determine how many hours should Eva extend her bakery's hours of operations? A) 2 hours B) 3 hours C) 4 hours D) 5 hours E) 6 hours Answer: Diff: 3 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 95) Refer to Table 1-4. What is Eva's marginal benefit if she decides to stay open for two hours instead of one hour? A) $25 B) $36 C) $60 D) $95 Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 96) Refer to Table 1-4. What is Eva's marginal cost if she decides to stay open for two hours instead of one hour? A) $12 B) $24 C) $36 D) $71 Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking Table 1-5 Hours Open Total Revenue (dollars) 1 $40 2 65 3 80 4 90 5 95 6 98 Julius runs a small tailor shop in the city of Bloomfield. He is debating whether he should extend his hours of operation. Julius figures that his sales revenue will depend on the number of hours the tailor shop is open as shown in the table above. He would have to hire a worker for those hours at a wage rate of $18 per hour. 97) Refer to Table 1-5. Using marginal analysis, determine how many hours should Julius extend his shop's hours of operations? A) 2 hours B) 3 hours C) 4 hours D) 5 hours E) 6 hours Answer: Diff: 3 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 98) Refer to Table 1-5. What is Julius's marginal benefit if he decides to stay open for three hours instead of two hours? A) $15 B) $25 C) $65 D) $80 Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 99) Refer to Table 1-5. What is Julius's marginal cost if he decides to stay open for three hours instead of two hours? A) $0 B) $18 C) $54 D) $65 Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 100) Tabitha shares a flea market booth with her sister. Her share of the rent is $150 per month. She is considering moving to her own, larger booth which she will not have to share with anyone. The larger booth rents for $450 per month. Recently, you ran into Tabitha in the grocery store and she tells you that she has rented the larger booth. Tabitha is as rational as any other person. As an economics major, you rightly conclude that A) Tabitha did not have a choice; her sister was overcharging her. B) Tabitha figures that the additional benefit of having her own booth (as opposed to sharing) is at least $300. C) Tabitha figures that the benefit of having her own booth (as opposed to sharing) is at least $450. D) the cost of having one's own booth outweighs the benefits. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 101) Consider the following statements: a. Soda drinkers purchase more soda from a grocery store that sells soda at a lower price than other rival grocery stores in the area. b. Homeowners do not take steps to increase security even though they believe it is more costly to allow burglaries than to install security monitoring equipment. c. Manufacturers produce less of a particular cell phone when its selling price rises. Which of the above statements demonstrates that economic agents respond to incentives? A) a only. B) b only. C) c only. D) a and b. E) a, b, and c. Answer: Diff: 3 Page Ref: 5 Topic: People Respond to Economic Incentives *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 102) Suppose the U.S. government encouraged new teachers to take jobs in underperforming schools by paying the new teachers a $20,000 bonus. These teachers would be exemplifying the economic idea that A) people are rational. B) people respond to economic incentives. C) optimal decisions are made at the margin. D) equity is more important than efficiency. Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 Topic: People Respond to Economic Incentives *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 103) Zane's Vanes is a service that restores old weather vanes. Zane has just spent $125 purchasing a 1920s era weather vane which he expects to restore and sell for $500 once the work is completed. After having spent $125, Zane realizes that he will need to spend an additional $200 on materials to complete the restoration. Alternatively, he can sell the weather vane without restoring it for $200. What is his marginal benefit if he sells the weather vane without restoring it? A) $75 B) $125 C) $200 D) $300 Answer: Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Optimal Decisions Are Made at the Margin *: Recurring Learning Outcome: Micro-1: Identify the basic principles of economics and explain how to think like an economist AACSB: Analytic thinking 104) Zane's Vanes is a service that restores old weather vanes.