Stalln revision boolr.
, AFTER LENIN
1. Did Stalin preserveor destroyLenin's legacy?
jj::: l:-t
a--j= - -
A. Stalin and his strugglefor porver: the 'lefll And fright' opposition,
a-:;:iEF.-, !=:
groupmgp
Lenin was virtually incapacitatedfrom 1922onwards.In 1922he had dictated his
/
'Political Testament'in which he discussed
the other Bolshevikleadersand their
strengthsand weaknesses.
. Trotskywasguilty of an'excessof self-confidence'.
. Stalincould not be trustedto wield powerwith'suffrcient caution'.
I Kamenevand Zinovievhadopposedrevolutionin October1917becausethey lacked
revolutionaryzeal.
. Bukharinwasregardedastheoreticallysuspectandthuslikely to deviatefrom the Party
line.
r In 1923Lenin addedmore about Stalin.Stalinwasdescribed as'disloyal,intolerant,
discourteous
andrude'andcalledfor his dismissalasPartyGeneralSecretary.
The Bolshevikswere keen not to repeatwhat they saw asthe mistakesof the French
Revolution.
. TheFrenchRevolutionhadendedup asa military governmentled by Napoleon.
. Trotsky,asleaderof the RedArmy; wasthus regardedwith suspicionby mostof the
otherleadingBolsheviks,in casehe led a military coup.
r An informalgroup- Stalin,KamemevandZinovievcombinedto limit the influenceof
Trotsky.
r Trotskyhadonly joined the Bolsheviksin l9l7 , havingpreviouslybeena Menshevik,
andwasthusviewedwith suspicionby many'Old Bolsheviks'
At Lenin's funeral Stalin gavethe funeral speech.
. hewas in prime positionto succeedLenin asPartyleader.It senta
This suggested
powerfulimageto the restof the country.
. Trotskywas missing- convalescingat a Black Searesort.He later claimedStalin
deliberatelygavehim the wrong day andstoppedhim returningto Moscow
. wishes,a'Cult of Lenin'began.Thebodywas
After thefuneral,andagainsthis express
preservedandput on displayin Red Square.TheParty setup anImmortalization
Commissionto preserveLenin'smemory.
. Eachcity soonhada statueof Lenin. Workerswere exhortedto join the Partyin the so-
calledT-eninEnrolment.'Membership of the Parfynearlydoubled.Petrogradwas
renamedLeningrad.
. Lenin would needto be seenasa closefollower of his ideasand
Whoeverwasto succeed
policies
, 2
What issuesdividedleadingBolsheviks?
Relationswith the rest of the world
Th€vu+;-S;i li was
. SomeCommunists,like Trotskybelievedin'PermanentRevolutiort''
oi ote:
impossiblefor thei;SSn to survivein a hostileworld without the zupport
Socialiststates.
CommunistHerce
. The emphasisthereforeshouldbe on helpingothercountriesbecome
Cominftrn (TheCommunistInternational)was setup in 1918.
that it was
. Others,like Stalirl believed\n'socialismin OneCountry''Theyargued
communist counqr
necessary to consolidatesovietrule in Russiafirst, makea successful
by their own efiicrts,andthuscreatea Superpow er thatcouldresistthe effortsof a hostile
world to defeatit.
The economy
communists'
. The two issuesof Industrialisationandthe NEP bitterly dividedmany and
in to thepeasants
. The NewEconomicPolicywas seenby manyasa defeat,asgiving
capitalists.
war-torneconomy
, Lenin haddescribedit asa temporarymeasureto rebuildthe shattered
but how longwastemPorarY?
by capitalistmeans'By
. Many questionedthe validity of buildingthe first communiststate
production'
1g23-24theeconomyhad largelyreachidpre-warlevelsof food
Marxists believedin the
. All agreedon the needfor large-scaleindustrialisation, afterall
industrialisethe
supfemacyof the workers.The argumentwas aboutHOW to best
country.
long slow roadto growth'
. Thoseon the Right of the Party,likeBukharin,believedin a
The Partyshouldencourage the peasantsto grow morecropsfor food for the citiesbut
alsoto exPortthe surPlus.
new factories'etc'
. Theseexportswould createthe capitalneededto investin the
slow,that peasantsshould
. Thoseon the Left, like Trotsky,believedthis would be far too industrialisation
be squeezeO to foice themto pt*iA" tn" capitalmuchmorequickly, that
shouldbe at the expenseofthe peasants'
' Thiswascalledthe'Theoryof PrimitiveSocialistAccumulation''
gfowttt' andeventuallyto
r fu 1921Gosplanwas setup to collectstatisticsof economic
producetargetsfor the economy'
The PartY,or Bureaucratisation
This meanttight
. The BolshevikPartyhadbegunasanundergroundparty in exile'
disciplineand doingasyou weretold'
too for survival'In
. During the RevolutionandCivil War disciplinehadbeenessential
in practicemostwere
theorypostswithin the Partywereelectedfrom below but
appointedfromabove.WhoevercontrolledthePartythushadgreatpowerandinfluence.
, AFTER LENIN
1. Did Stalin preserveor destroyLenin's legacy?
jj::: l:-t
a--j= - -
A. Stalin and his strugglefor porver: the 'lefll And fright' opposition,
a-:;:iEF.-, !=:
groupmgp
Lenin was virtually incapacitatedfrom 1922onwards.In 1922he had dictated his
/
'Political Testament'in which he discussed
the other Bolshevikleadersand their
strengthsand weaknesses.
. Trotskywasguilty of an'excessof self-confidence'.
. Stalincould not be trustedto wield powerwith'suffrcient caution'.
I Kamenevand Zinovievhadopposedrevolutionin October1917becausethey lacked
revolutionaryzeal.
. Bukharinwasregardedastheoreticallysuspectandthuslikely to deviatefrom the Party
line.
r In 1923Lenin addedmore about Stalin.Stalinwasdescribed as'disloyal,intolerant,
discourteous
andrude'andcalledfor his dismissalasPartyGeneralSecretary.
The Bolshevikswere keen not to repeatwhat they saw asthe mistakesof the French
Revolution.
. TheFrenchRevolutionhadendedup asa military governmentled by Napoleon.
. Trotsky,asleaderof the RedArmy; wasthus regardedwith suspicionby mostof the
otherleadingBolsheviks,in casehe led a military coup.
r An informalgroup- Stalin,KamemevandZinovievcombinedto limit the influenceof
Trotsky.
r Trotskyhadonly joined the Bolsheviksin l9l7 , havingpreviouslybeena Menshevik,
andwasthusviewedwith suspicionby many'Old Bolsheviks'
At Lenin's funeral Stalin gavethe funeral speech.
. hewas in prime positionto succeedLenin asPartyleader.It senta
This suggested
powerfulimageto the restof the country.
. Trotskywas missing- convalescingat a Black Searesort.He later claimedStalin
deliberatelygavehim the wrong day andstoppedhim returningto Moscow
. wishes,a'Cult of Lenin'began.Thebodywas
After thefuneral,andagainsthis express
preservedandput on displayin Red Square.TheParty setup anImmortalization
Commissionto preserveLenin'smemory.
. Eachcity soonhada statueof Lenin. Workerswere exhortedto join the Partyin the so-
calledT-eninEnrolment.'Membership of the Parfynearlydoubled.Petrogradwas
renamedLeningrad.
. Lenin would needto be seenasa closefollower of his ideasand
Whoeverwasto succeed
policies
, 2
What issuesdividedleadingBolsheviks?
Relationswith the rest of the world
Th€vu+;-S;i li was
. SomeCommunists,like Trotskybelievedin'PermanentRevolutiort''
oi ote:
impossiblefor thei;SSn to survivein a hostileworld without the zupport
Socialiststates.
CommunistHerce
. The emphasisthereforeshouldbe on helpingothercountriesbecome
Cominftrn (TheCommunistInternational)was setup in 1918.
that it was
. Others,like Stalirl believed\n'socialismin OneCountry''Theyargued
communist counqr
necessary to consolidatesovietrule in Russiafirst, makea successful
by their own efiicrts,andthuscreatea Superpow er thatcouldresistthe effortsof a hostile
world to defeatit.
The economy
communists'
. The two issuesof Industrialisationandthe NEP bitterly dividedmany and
in to thepeasants
. The NewEconomicPolicywas seenby manyasa defeat,asgiving
capitalists.
war-torneconomy
, Lenin haddescribedit asa temporarymeasureto rebuildthe shattered
but how longwastemPorarY?
by capitalistmeans'By
. Many questionedthe validity of buildingthe first communiststate
production'
1g23-24theeconomyhad largelyreachidpre-warlevelsof food
Marxists believedin the
. All agreedon the needfor large-scaleindustrialisation, afterall
industrialisethe
supfemacyof the workers.The argumentwas aboutHOW to best
country.
long slow roadto growth'
. Thoseon the Right of the Party,likeBukharin,believedin a
The Partyshouldencourage the peasantsto grow morecropsfor food for the citiesbut
alsoto exPortthe surPlus.
new factories'etc'
. Theseexportswould createthe capitalneededto investin the
slow,that peasantsshould
. Thoseon the Left, like Trotsky,believedthis would be far too industrialisation
be squeezeO to foice themto pt*iA" tn" capitalmuchmorequickly, that
shouldbe at the expenseofthe peasants'
' Thiswascalledthe'Theoryof PrimitiveSocialistAccumulation''
gfowttt' andeventuallyto
r fu 1921Gosplanwas setup to collectstatisticsof economic
producetargetsfor the economy'
The PartY,or Bureaucratisation
This meanttight
. The BolshevikPartyhadbegunasanundergroundparty in exile'
disciplineand doingasyou weretold'
too for survival'In
. During the RevolutionandCivil War disciplinehadbeenessential
in practicemostwere
theorypostswithin the Partywereelectedfrom below but
appointedfromabove.WhoevercontrolledthePartythushadgreatpowerandinfluence.
