Anatomy and Physiology 2: Mod 6 Case Study ALL ANSWERS 100% CORRECT FALL-2021/2022 EDITION GUARANTEED GRADE A+

Maria, a 66-year-old female, visits her physician complaining of sudden onset abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhea. She does not take any prescription medications, but does take aspirin each day to lower her risk of heart disease. She has no notable history of digestive system issues. Maria has a family history of pancreatitis. She is slightly obese and has been mostly sedentary since her recent retirement. Her doctor performs multiple tests and diagnoses Maria with diverticulitis. Diverticulitis affects which digestive organ? Large intestine Small intestine Stomach Liver QUESTION 2 1. Briefly explain, in your own words, the anatomy of diverticula. Include information about the layers of the alimentary canal. Diverticula are outpouchings of the wall of the colon. They usually appear in the descending and sigmoid colon, often appearing at the weakest point in the colon wall where blood vessels supply the mucosa in the circular muscle layer. Publishing, H. (n.d.). Diverticular disease prevention and treatment. Retrieved August 15, 2020, from QUESTION 3 1. Diverticula may be asymptomatic for years or for a lifetime. Describe, in your own words, why diverticula may cause sudden pain. Diverticula may cause sudden pain due to an abscess, which occurs when pus collects in the pouch, a blockage in your bowel, a fistula between sections of the bowel, or between the bowel and other organs or peritonitis when an infected pouch ruptures spilling into the abdominal cavity. Diverticulitis. (2020, May 07). Retrieved August 15, 2020, from QUESTION 4 1. In addition to the symptoms Maria reported, which of these symptoms is commonly related to diverticulitis? Pain in the upper right quadrant Pain in the upper left quadrant Constipation Vomiting QUESTION 5 1. Which part of Maria’s history is NOT a risk factor for diverticulitis? Aspirin regimen Obesity Sedentary lifestyle Family history of pancreatitis QUESTION 6 1. Maria’s doctor asks about her diet. Which of these diets is most closely related to diverticulosis/diverticulitis? Low fiber diet Low carbohydrate diet High fat diet Vegetarian diet QUESTION 7 1. One of the tests Maria’s doctor orders is a fecal occult blood test. It was positive. Briefly describe why this test was positive in Maria’s case. A fecal occult blood test looks for blood in your stool unable to be seen with the naked eye. If there is blood in the stool usually it is indicative of bleeding in the GI tract caused by a number of reasons such as in Maria's case, diverticulosis. Diverticular bleeding occurs with chronic injury to the small blood vessels that are next to the diverticula. Ambardekar, N. (2018, September 19). Fecal Occult Blood Test: What You Need to Know. Retrieved August 15, 2020, from QUESTION 8 1. One of the diagnostic tests that Maria’s doctor ordered was a visual exam of the inside of the large intestine with a camera that is inserted through the anus and rectum. What is this procedure called? Endoscopy Colonoscopy Computerized tomography Angiogram QUESTION 9 1. If Maria’s case is severe, she may choose to undergo a colon resection. Which of these statements describes that procedure? A portion of the small intestine is used to replace the affected portion of the large intestine. The affected portion of the large intestine is removed and the remaining end of the large intestine are joined together. Feces is redirected from the colon to a pouch on the outside of the body. Diverticula are removed by lasers. QUESTION 10 1. Briefly describe the difference between diverticulosis and diverticulitis. Include information about the prevalence of each condition. The difference between the two is that diverticulosis occurs when the small bulging pouches develop in the digestive tract. Once in becomes inflamed or infected it is now known as diverticulitis. Diverticulosis and diverticulitis. (n.d.). Retrieved August 15, 2020, from QUESTION 11 1. Jim is a truck driver who is on the road for long hours. He admits to eating “unhealthy” foods and often stops at fast food restaurants after his late shifts, choosing cheeseburgers, French fries, and pizza most often. He does not drink alcohol because his job requires him to drive at a moment’s notice, but he does drink coffee throughout the day to keep awake during his odd hours. He has a history of intermittent heartburn, but the chest pain is getting more frequent and more severe, so he decides to seek treatment. What is the medical name for heartburn? The medical term for heartburn