Psy 402 Topic 5 DQ 1

Psy 402 Topic 5 DQ 1 Compare and contrast the four types of memory discussed in this week’s readings (from Chapter 9 of your textbook). Class, The four types of memory discussed in this chapter include sensory memory, short term memory or working memory, long term declarative memory, and long-term nondeclarative memory (Gazzaniga, Ivry, Mangun, 2019). Sensory memory is formed within milliseconds it is the memory that is activated by sense of smell, touch, or taste (Gazzaniga, Ivry, Mangun, 2019). Short term memory which is also called working memory can persist for several seconds or minutes, while long term memory can last for up to several decades (Gazzaniga, Ivry, Mangun, 2019). There are two types of long-term memory, it can be declarative or non-declarative. Declarative memory is then divided into two subgroups of declarative memory such as semantic memory which includes facts that are learned and stored into long term memory and episodic memory which is the events that are experienced which are then stored into long term memory (Gazzaniga, Ivry, Mangun, 2019). Nondeclarative memory is more of a nonconscious long-term memory that is related to procedural processes (Gazzaniga, Ivry, Mangun, 2019). Gazzaniga, M., Ivry, R., Mangun, G. (2019). Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind. Fifth Edition. W.W. Norton and Company The four main types of memory consist of sensory, short-term, working, and long-term memory. Sensory memory is the recall of information gathered from sensory experiences and lasts the shortest amount of time, such as a few seconds (Gazzaniga, Ivry, & Mangun, 2018). Echoic memory is a type of sensory memory retained through hearing, while iconic memory is sensory memory retained through vision (Gazzaniga et al., 2018). Short-term memory is information retention lasting at most a few minutes (Gazzaniga et al., 2018). Working memory is memory storage with limited capacity for maintaining short-term information and manipulating the information for use in various mental operations (Gazzaniga et al., 2018). Long-term memory is information retained from several days to years and includes declarative and nondeclarative memory (Gazzaniga et al., 2018). Declarative memory, also called explicit memory, is memory that can be consciously accessed, described verbally, and includes general or personal facts or events (Gazzaniga et al., 2018). Declarative memory can be broken down further into semantic and episodic memory (Gazzaniga et al., 2018). Semantic memory is memory based on learned and objective facts, “but does not include the context in which it was learned” (Gazzaniga et al., 2018, p. 390). Episodic memory is retained information based on who, what, when, and where an event happened based on one’s personal experiences (Gazzaniga et al., 2018). Nondeclarative memory, also called implicit memory, is memory that cannot be consciously accessed by an individual (Gazzaniga et al., 2018). This includes procedural memory, which entails the repetitious learning of skills that involve motor functioning and cognition (Gazzaniga et al., 2018).