NR 507 Patho Final Examination (NR507)

Exam (elaborations) NR 507 Patho Final Examination (NR507) Week 8: Final Exam  Due Dec 16 at 11:59pm  Points 150  Questions 75  Available Dec 10 at 12am - Dec 16 at 11:59pm 7 days  Time Limit 90 Minutes Instructions  The Week 8 final exam counts toward the final grade. It is comprehensive and covers material from Weeks 1–8.  The final exam consists of 75 questions and is worth 2 points each.  You have one attempt to take the exam with a 90 minute time limit. Good luck! Attempt History Attempt Time Score LATEST Attempt 1 75 minutes 146 out of 150 Score for this quiz: 146 out of 150 NR 507 Patho Final Examination Submitted Dec 16 at 11:15pm This attempt took 75 minutes. Question 1 2 / 2 pts What period follows depolarization of the myocardium and represents a period during which no new cardiac potential can be propagated? Correct! Refractory Threshold Sinoatrial (SA) Hyperpolarization During the refractory period, no new cardiac action potential can be initiated by a stimulus. This selection is the only option that accurately identifies the period described in the question. Question 2 2 / 2 pts What is the suggested mean blood pressure for an 8- to 9-year-old child? Correct! 106/58 mm Hg 104/55 mm Hg 112/62 mm Hg 121/70 mm Hg The suggested mean blood pressure for an 8- to 9- year-old child is 106/58 mm Hg. For a child of 6 to 7 years old, 104/55 mm Hg is appropriate; for a 12- to 13-year-old child, 112/62 mm Hg is appropriate, and for a 16- to 18-year-old young man, 121/70 mm Hg is appropriate. Question 3 2 / 2 pts Which is an example of an endogenous antigen? Yeast Correct! Cancer cells Fungus Bacteria Of the options provided, endogenous antigens include only those uniquely produced by cancerous cells. Question 4 2 / 2 pts An infant has a crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur located between the second and third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border. A wide fixed splitting of the second heart sound is also found. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect? Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) Ventricular septal defect (VSD) Correct! Atrial septal defect (ASD) Because most children with ASD are asymptomatic, diagnosis is usually made during a routine physical examination by the auscultation of a crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur that reflects increased blood flow through the pulmonary valve. The location of the murmur is between the second and third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border. A wide fixed splitting of the second heart sound is also characteristic of ASD, reflecting volume overload to the right ventricle and causing prolonged ejection time and a delay of pulmonic valve closure. The presentations of other congenital heart defects are not consistent with the described symptoms. Question 5 2 / 2 pts Chvostek and Trousseau signs indicate which electrolyte imbalance? Correct! Hypocalcemia Hypercalcemia Hyperkalemia Hypokalemia Two clinical signs of hypocalcemia are the Chvostek sign and Trousseau sign. These clinical signs are not indicative of any of the other options. Question 6 2 / 2 pts How does chest wall compliance in an infant differ from that of an adult? An adult’s chest wall compliance is the same as an infant’s. An adult’s chest wall compliance is dissimilar to that of an infant’s. Correct! An adult’s chest wall compliance is lower than an infant’s. An adult’s chest wall compliance is higher than an infant’s. Chest wall compliance is higher in infants than it is in adults, particularly in premature infants. Question 7 2 / 2 pts What is the most commonly reported symptom of cancer treatment? Hair loss Nausea Weight loss Correct! Fatigue Fatigue is the most frequently reported symptom of cancer and cancer treatment. Although patients report the other options, they are not as frequently experienced as fatigue. Question 8 2 / 2 pts At birth, which statement is true? Correct! Gas exchange shifts from the placenta to the lung. Systemic resistance and pulmonary resistance fall. Systemic resistance and pulmonary resistance rise. Systemic resistance falls and pulmonary resistance rises. From the available options, the only change that takes place in the circulation at birth is the shift of gas exchange from the placenta to the lungs. Question 9 0 / 2 pts What is the treatment of choice for pernicious anemia (PA)? Correct Answer Vitamin B12 by injection Cyanocobalamin by oral intake You Answered Folate by oral intake Ferrous fumarate by Z-track injection Replacement of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is the treatment of choice for PA. Initial injections of vitamin B12 are administered weekly until the deficiency is corrected, followed by monthly injections for the remainder of the individual’s life. The other options are not treatments for PA. Question 10 2 / 2 pts Which disease is an example of a rickettsial infection? Cholera Correct! Rocky Mountain spotted fever Sleeping sickness Candida Rocky Mountain spotted fever is a result of a rickettsiae. Cholera is a bacterial infection, candida is a fungal infection, and sleeping sickness is a protozoal infection. Question 11 2 / 2 pts Which statement is true regarding maternal antibodies provided to the neonate? Correct! The antibodies enter into the fetal circulation by means of active transport. The antibodies are transferred to the fetus via the lymphatic system. The antibodies reach protective levels after approximately 6 months of age. The antibodies are directly related to the mother’s nutritional intake. To protect the child against infectious agents both in utero and during the first few postnatal months, a system of active transport facilitates the passage of maternal antibodies into the fetal circulation. The antibodies are transmitted via the placenta and are related to the mother’s immune system. The infant’s own IgG-related antibodies reach protective levels by 6 months of age. Question 12 2 / 2 pts Which statement is true regarding pain and cancer? Pain is primarily a result of pressure caused by the tumor. Correct! Pain is generally associated with late-stage cancer. Pain indicates the metastasis of a cancer. Pain is usually the initial symptom of cancer. Pain is generally associated with the late stages of cancer. Pressure, obstruction, invasion of a structure sensitive to pain, stretching, tissue destruction, and inflammation can cause pain. Pain is not the initial symptom of cancer nor does it indication that the cancer has metastasized. Question 13 2 / 2 pts During an infection, why do lymph nodes enlarge and become tender? The nodes fill with purulent exudate. Correct! B lymphocytes proliferate. The nodes are not properly functioning. The nodes