Study Guide Applied Social Sciences
Tools and Methods in Counseling
Objectives:
• Illustrate the different processes and methods involved in counseling.
• Illustrate the tools and methods in counseling.
Tools in Counseling
Nonstandardized techniques
Questionnaire
• set of questions (open-ended or closed-ended) given to an individual or a
group of individuals to gather facts or information
• questions designed to obtain information about conditions and practives
that the respondents presumably know
Observation
• used by professional counselors to study behavior
• effectiveness depends on the skill of the practitioner
Sociometry
• used to study the nature of the social relationship of individuals within a
group and to identify personality problems
Autobiography
• refers to how an individual describes himself/herself using his/her own
words
• gives valuable information about the individual's interests, abalities..
personal history. hopes, ambitions, like, dislikes, etc.
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, Rating scale
• used to determine the presence of absence of a behavior trait in a scale
Anecdotal record
• has short descriptive accounts about some events regarding a person
Case study
• comprehensive collection of information gathered using different tools and
techiniques
Cumulative record
• record of information concerned with the appraisal of an individual student
Interview
• friendly and informal; strives to build a relationship between the
interviewer and interviewee
• a concersation with a purpose; used for introductory meetings, fact-
finding, evaluations, and information gathering
Standardized techniques
• used to measure intelligence, aptitudes, interests, and personality traits
• prepared by qualified professionals; every item is meaningful and has a
corresponding value
• developed through careful and rigid processes to make sure that they
provide reliable information
• they consume less time to administer
• they are reusable and can be scored easily
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Tools and Methods in Counseling
Objectives:
• Illustrate the different processes and methods involved in counseling.
• Illustrate the tools and methods in counseling.
Tools in Counseling
Nonstandardized techniques
Questionnaire
• set of questions (open-ended or closed-ended) given to an individual or a
group of individuals to gather facts or information
• questions designed to obtain information about conditions and practives
that the respondents presumably know
Observation
• used by professional counselors to study behavior
• effectiveness depends on the skill of the practitioner
Sociometry
• used to study the nature of the social relationship of individuals within a
group and to identify personality problems
Autobiography
• refers to how an individual describes himself/herself using his/her own
words
• gives valuable information about the individual's interests, abalities..
personal history. hopes, ambitions, like, dislikes, etc.
Page 1 of 10
, Rating scale
• used to determine the presence of absence of a behavior trait in a scale
Anecdotal record
• has short descriptive accounts about some events regarding a person
Case study
• comprehensive collection of information gathered using different tools and
techiniques
Cumulative record
• record of information concerned with the appraisal of an individual student
Interview
• friendly and informal; strives to build a relationship between the
interviewer and interviewee
• a concersation with a purpose; used for introductory meetings, fact-
finding, evaluations, and information gathering
Standardized techniques
• used to measure intelligence, aptitudes, interests, and personality traits
• prepared by qualified professionals; every item is meaningful and has a
corresponding value
• developed through careful and rigid processes to make sure that they
provide reliable information
• they consume less time to administer
• they are reusable and can be scored easily
Page 2 of 10
