LESSON 2
X RAY METHODS INVESTIGATION.
CONTRAST IMAGING/
RADIOGRAPHY is the production of an image on photographic film created
from a radiation source. This method is the basic X ray method used for diagnosis
of diseases of internal organs.
This method is based to the chemical ability of X rays.
X ray film or radiogram consist of emulsion containing brome silver. On
passage through human body the X ray beam is proportionally weakened by the
density of organs and tissues. The changed beam gets on a film containing brome
silver, and film changes its property. The picture of restoration of film is seen after
display and fixings. X rays that pass through air and soft tissue are least absorbed
and therefore cause the most blackening on the radiograph. These black areas we
call translucent or transparent areas. But the bones and other calcified structures
absorb x rays and appear white. These white areas we call shadows.
Series of radiographs, made during the whole period of disease, allows
carrying out dynamic supervision of the proceeding course in organs. It is accepted
to make direct (posterior-anterior\general view X ray) and left or right lateral
radiograph depending on prospective localization of the lesion.
FLUOROSCOPY is a study of moving body structures.
This method is based to the fluorescence ability of X rays.
At fluoroscopy the image of an organ is examined on the light screen at the
moment of X raying. This method is used in many types of examinations and
procedures, such as barium X rays, cardiac catheterization and placement of
intravenous catheters. The disadvantage of this method is that it does not give the
objective documentation of examination, badly reveals fine pathological
formations, particularly in focuses of the size 2-3 mm and fine linear components.
The most typical applications, in decreasing order of occurrence, include the
following.
X RAY METHODS INVESTIGATION.
CONTRAST IMAGING/
RADIOGRAPHY is the production of an image on photographic film created
from a radiation source. This method is the basic X ray method used for diagnosis
of diseases of internal organs.
This method is based to the chemical ability of X rays.
X ray film or radiogram consist of emulsion containing brome silver. On
passage through human body the X ray beam is proportionally weakened by the
density of organs and tissues. The changed beam gets on a film containing brome
silver, and film changes its property. The picture of restoration of film is seen after
display and fixings. X rays that pass through air and soft tissue are least absorbed
and therefore cause the most blackening on the radiograph. These black areas we
call translucent or transparent areas. But the bones and other calcified structures
absorb x rays and appear white. These white areas we call shadows.
Series of radiographs, made during the whole period of disease, allows
carrying out dynamic supervision of the proceeding course in organs. It is accepted
to make direct (posterior-anterior\general view X ray) and left or right lateral
radiograph depending on prospective localization of the lesion.
FLUOROSCOPY is a study of moving body structures.
This method is based to the fluorescence ability of X rays.
At fluoroscopy the image of an organ is examined on the light screen at the
moment of X raying. This method is used in many types of examinations and
procedures, such as barium X rays, cardiac catheterization and placement of
intravenous catheters. The disadvantage of this method is that it does not give the
objective documentation of examination, badly reveals fine pathological
formations, particularly in focuses of the size 2-3 mm and fine linear components.
The most typical applications, in decreasing order of occurrence, include the
following.
