O Level Pak Studies PAGE 1 History Section 3
EARLY PROBLEMS OF PAKISTAN
Question 1 N2017/P1/Q5/B
Explain why the subcontinent was faced with a refugee problem in 1947?
[7]
Since Pakistan had become independent so Muslims were leaving India for their
homeland, often with little or no possessions. The boundary division was unjust;
a number of Muslim-majority areas like Gurdaspur and Ferozpur were given to
India where the Muslims were not feeling secure. They were now vulnerable to
the barbarities of Hindus and Pakistan was unable to help them across the
border. They therefore left their homes, land and businesses and joined the
migrating caravans towards Pakistan. This burdened the newly established govt
of Pakistan.
The Hindus and Sikhs in Eastern Punjab were particularly fully charged with
anti-Muslim sentiments. In such areas, a large number of Muslims were
ruthlessly killed; entire Muslim villages were destroyed. Women were disrespected
and even children were slaughtered. There were reports that local Indian
authorities were also supporting the violent Hindu mobs. Under such
circumstances, the Muslims had no option except to seek refuge in a safe place
and therefore they migrated to Pakistan on large scale to escape the brutalities
of Hindus.
Since partition was made on the religious lines, a number of Muslims migrated
willingly to Pakistan. They could manage to move some of their belongings along
with them. They liked to live in a Muslim country.
Question 2 J2016/P1/Q4/C
How successful was Pakistan in solving the problems of Partition during
1947 and 1948? Explain your answer. [14]
Jinnah tried to solve the refugee problem by shifting his headquarters from
Karachi to Lahore where the inflow of the refugees was more concentrated so
he gave his full attention to this problem which helped to lessen the chaos as
administrative machinery worked more efficiently to settle refugees under direct
,O Level Pak Studies PAGE 2 History Section 3
guidance. A relief fund was set up by Jinnah for the refugees. The people were
quick to respond and donated generously in this fund which helped to stabilize
the lives of many refugees.
Those experienced govt. officials who chose to move from India to Pakistan
more brought to capital Karachi through special trains and air planes. This
improved administrative efficiency as shortage of capable civil servants was
reduced.
An agreement was signed with India by govt. of Jinnah to solve the damaged
to the Canal water dispute in May 1948 which prevented further damage to
the agro based economy of Pakistan and directed to find alternative irrigational
resources to keep agriculture going.
State bank of Pakistan was set up in 1948 so that economic and monitory
policies of Pakistan could be chalked out This helped to stabilize the economy
as it was an important step to develop the industrial section of the country
which was too weak at the time of independence.
Jinnah also persuaded India to Rs.60 million of an ordinance factory as India
had all the old ones. This helped to improve the military forces of Pak as this
amount was used to build an ordinance factory at Wah.
Jinnah joined United Nations, largest in the world that not only helped Pakistan
be recognized internationally but also solved Pakistan’s Problems like the canal
water dispute. It also provided much needed financial assistance like World Bank
and IMF.
Time of independence Pak only had 2500 military officials although needed
4000. Jinnah filled the Government of Pakistan by appointing 500 British
officers and strengthened Pakistan defense against its enemy especially India
which was too hostile towards Pak.
He recognized the civil servants and drafted rule for civil services that helped
to run the government in efficient manner.
However, apart from successes, there were failures as well.
,O Level Pak Studies PAGE 3 History Section 3
Jinnah as Governor General visited Dhaka and said Urdu and only Urdu would
be the national language of Pak to which East Pakistan did not reacted much
as they respected Jinnah however in later years disappointed the East Pakistanis
and eventually this led to the partition and Bangladesh was separate.
Jiinah was unable to solve the Kashmir issue. Although Pakistan and India fought
a war over this issue in 1948 and the matter was also referred to the United
Nation, but couldnot be resolved and Kashmir is still a disputed territory.
Jinnah as chief executive of the government and president of the constituent
Assembly, failed to start any definitive work in the constitution. He neither
gave any outline of the constitution nor the time limit to the Assembly for
its completion. This caused serious political problems in the future and delayed
the constitution unit 1956.
Jinnah could not reduce the geographical problems distance between the East
and West Pakistan.
In conclusion, Jinnah was only human but he put the interest of his people
even ahead of his own health and worked tirelessly after independence to keep
the people of Pakistan. In my opinion, Pakistan was successful in solving initial
problems due to the efforts of Jinnah.
Question 3 N2013/P1/Q4/C
How successful was the government of Pakistan in solving the problems
of Partition during 1947 and 1948? Explain your answer. [14]
• Same as Question 2
Question 4 J2013/P1/Q4/B
Why was Pakistan faced with a refugee problem in 1947? [7]
• Same as Question 1
, O Level Pak Studies PAGE 4 History Section 3
Question 5 J2012/P1/Q4/C
The government of Pakistan was totally successful in solving the problems
of Partition during 1947 and 1948. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
[14]
• Same as Question 2
Question 6 J2012/P1/Q4/B
Why did many Pakistani migrate between 1947 and 1999? [7]
Britain needed lots of workers after World War Two, especially unskilled workers
and offered well paid jobs which Pakistanis wanted as they were reliable, hard
working and ambitious to succeed.
Many Pakistanis were displaced after partition in 1947 and as a result moved
to Britain. Thousands of Pakistanis were displaced from the Mangla Dam area
in the 1960s and some used compensation money to move to Britain to join
relatives and seek work.
The Commonwealth Immigration Act of 1962 introduced a voucher scheme which
gave Pakistanis in Britain the opportunity to arrange jobs and vouchers for
friends and family to move here. Many Pakistanis went to work in the Middle
East where jobs were becoming freely available during times of economic growth
especially in the construction and service industries.
Question 7 N2009/P1/Q4/C
The formation of a government was the most important problem facing
the newly established country of Pakistan in 1947. Do you agree? [14]
It was essential following the creation of Pakistan to have a new government
immediately. However there was a shortage of Government buildings,
Equipment’s, properly qualified and experienced personnel. Therefore, this poor
administrational infrastructure made the running of Pakistan’s government
extremely difficult. The constituent assembly was made up of wealthy
landowners not politicians. This delayed setting up of an efficient government
and drawing up of a constitution most of the leading officials had little idea of
what to do.
EARLY PROBLEMS OF PAKISTAN
Question 1 N2017/P1/Q5/B
Explain why the subcontinent was faced with a refugee problem in 1947?
[7]
Since Pakistan had become independent so Muslims were leaving India for their
homeland, often with little or no possessions. The boundary division was unjust;
a number of Muslim-majority areas like Gurdaspur and Ferozpur were given to
India where the Muslims were not feeling secure. They were now vulnerable to
the barbarities of Hindus and Pakistan was unable to help them across the
border. They therefore left their homes, land and businesses and joined the
migrating caravans towards Pakistan. This burdened the newly established govt
of Pakistan.
The Hindus and Sikhs in Eastern Punjab were particularly fully charged with
anti-Muslim sentiments. In such areas, a large number of Muslims were
ruthlessly killed; entire Muslim villages were destroyed. Women were disrespected
and even children were slaughtered. There were reports that local Indian
authorities were also supporting the violent Hindu mobs. Under such
circumstances, the Muslims had no option except to seek refuge in a safe place
and therefore they migrated to Pakistan on large scale to escape the brutalities
of Hindus.
Since partition was made on the religious lines, a number of Muslims migrated
willingly to Pakistan. They could manage to move some of their belongings along
with them. They liked to live in a Muslim country.
Question 2 J2016/P1/Q4/C
How successful was Pakistan in solving the problems of Partition during
1947 and 1948? Explain your answer. [14]
Jinnah tried to solve the refugee problem by shifting his headquarters from
Karachi to Lahore where the inflow of the refugees was more concentrated so
he gave his full attention to this problem which helped to lessen the chaos as
administrative machinery worked more efficiently to settle refugees under direct
,O Level Pak Studies PAGE 2 History Section 3
guidance. A relief fund was set up by Jinnah for the refugees. The people were
quick to respond and donated generously in this fund which helped to stabilize
the lives of many refugees.
Those experienced govt. officials who chose to move from India to Pakistan
more brought to capital Karachi through special trains and air planes. This
improved administrative efficiency as shortage of capable civil servants was
reduced.
An agreement was signed with India by govt. of Jinnah to solve the damaged
to the Canal water dispute in May 1948 which prevented further damage to
the agro based economy of Pakistan and directed to find alternative irrigational
resources to keep agriculture going.
State bank of Pakistan was set up in 1948 so that economic and monitory
policies of Pakistan could be chalked out This helped to stabilize the economy
as it was an important step to develop the industrial section of the country
which was too weak at the time of independence.
Jinnah also persuaded India to Rs.60 million of an ordinance factory as India
had all the old ones. This helped to improve the military forces of Pak as this
amount was used to build an ordinance factory at Wah.
Jinnah joined United Nations, largest in the world that not only helped Pakistan
be recognized internationally but also solved Pakistan’s Problems like the canal
water dispute. It also provided much needed financial assistance like World Bank
and IMF.
Time of independence Pak only had 2500 military officials although needed
4000. Jinnah filled the Government of Pakistan by appointing 500 British
officers and strengthened Pakistan defense against its enemy especially India
which was too hostile towards Pak.
He recognized the civil servants and drafted rule for civil services that helped
to run the government in efficient manner.
However, apart from successes, there were failures as well.
,O Level Pak Studies PAGE 3 History Section 3
Jinnah as Governor General visited Dhaka and said Urdu and only Urdu would
be the national language of Pak to which East Pakistan did not reacted much
as they respected Jinnah however in later years disappointed the East Pakistanis
and eventually this led to the partition and Bangladesh was separate.
Jiinah was unable to solve the Kashmir issue. Although Pakistan and India fought
a war over this issue in 1948 and the matter was also referred to the United
Nation, but couldnot be resolved and Kashmir is still a disputed territory.
Jinnah as chief executive of the government and president of the constituent
Assembly, failed to start any definitive work in the constitution. He neither
gave any outline of the constitution nor the time limit to the Assembly for
its completion. This caused serious political problems in the future and delayed
the constitution unit 1956.
Jinnah could not reduce the geographical problems distance between the East
and West Pakistan.
In conclusion, Jinnah was only human but he put the interest of his people
even ahead of his own health and worked tirelessly after independence to keep
the people of Pakistan. In my opinion, Pakistan was successful in solving initial
problems due to the efforts of Jinnah.
Question 3 N2013/P1/Q4/C
How successful was the government of Pakistan in solving the problems
of Partition during 1947 and 1948? Explain your answer. [14]
• Same as Question 2
Question 4 J2013/P1/Q4/B
Why was Pakistan faced with a refugee problem in 1947? [7]
• Same as Question 1
, O Level Pak Studies PAGE 4 History Section 3
Question 5 J2012/P1/Q4/C
The government of Pakistan was totally successful in solving the problems
of Partition during 1947 and 1948. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
[14]
• Same as Question 2
Question 6 J2012/P1/Q4/B
Why did many Pakistani migrate between 1947 and 1999? [7]
Britain needed lots of workers after World War Two, especially unskilled workers
and offered well paid jobs which Pakistanis wanted as they were reliable, hard
working and ambitious to succeed.
Many Pakistanis were displaced after partition in 1947 and as a result moved
to Britain. Thousands of Pakistanis were displaced from the Mangla Dam area
in the 1960s and some used compensation money to move to Britain to join
relatives and seek work.
The Commonwealth Immigration Act of 1962 introduced a voucher scheme which
gave Pakistanis in Britain the opportunity to arrange jobs and vouchers for
friends and family to move here. Many Pakistanis went to work in the Middle
East where jobs were becoming freely available during times of economic growth
especially in the construction and service industries.
Question 7 N2009/P1/Q4/C
The formation of a government was the most important problem facing
the newly established country of Pakistan in 1947. Do you agree? [14]
It was essential following the creation of Pakistan to have a new government
immediately. However there was a shortage of Government buildings,
Equipment’s, properly qualified and experienced personnel. Therefore, this poor
administrational infrastructure made the running of Pakistan’s government
extremely difficult. The constituent assembly was made up of wealthy
landowners not politicians. This delayed setting up of an efficient government
and drawing up of a constitution most of the leading officials had little idea of
what to do.
