Potter: Fundamentals of Nursing, 8th Edition Test Bank ALL ANSWERS 100% CORRECT FALL-2022 SOLUTION GUARANTEED GRADE A+

To provide patient care of the highest quality, nurses utilize an evidence-based practice approach because evidence-based practice is 1. A guide for nurses in making clinical decisions. 2. Based on the latest textbook information. 3. Easily attained at the bedside. 4. Always right for all situations. ANS: 1 Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a guide for nurses to structure how to make accurate, timely, and appropriate clinical decisions. A textbook relies on the scientific literature, which is often outdated by the time the book is published and is not the most reliable source for EBP. Unfortunately, most of the best information in evidence never reaches the bedside. EBP is not to be blindly applied without using good judgment and critical thinking skills. It is not appropriate for all settings. DIF: Understand REF: 54 OBJ: Discuss the benefits of evidence-based practice. TOP: Evaluation MSC: Teaching/Learning 2. In caring for patients, it is important for the nurse to realize that evidence-based practice is 1. The only valid source of knowledge that should be used. 2. Secondary to traditional or standard care knowledge. 3. Dependent on patient values and expectations. 4. Not shown to provide better patient outcomes. ANS: 3 Even when the best evidence available is used, application and outcomes will differ based on patient values, preferences, concerns, and/or expectations. Nurses often care for patients on the basis of tradition or convenience, or the standard, “It has always been done this way.” Although these sources have value, it is important to learn to rely more on research evidence than on non-research evidence. Patients who receive care based on the most recent and best evidence experience 28% better outcomes.Test Bank 5-3 TestBankW DIF: Understand REF: 51 OBJ: Discuss the benefits of evidence-based practice. TOP: Evaluation MSC: Teaching/Learning 3. The first step in evidence-based practice is to ask a clinical question. In doing so, the nurse needs to realize that in researching interventions, the question 1. Is more important than its format. 2. Will lead you to hundreds of articles that must be read. 3. May be easier if in PICO format. 4. May be more useful the more general it is. ANS: 3 The PICO format allows the nurse to ask questions that are intervention focused. Inappropriately formed questions will likely lead to irrelevant sources of information. It is not beneficial to read hundreds of articles. It is more beneficial to read the best four to six articles that specifically address the question. The more focused the question asked, the easier it will become to search for evidence in the scientific literature. DIF: Understand REF: 52 OBJ: Describe the five steps of evidence-based practice. TOP: Evaluation MSC: Teaching/Learning 4. In collecting the best evidence, the gold standard for research is 1. The randomized controlled trial (RCT). 2. The peer-reviewed article. 3. Qualitative research. 4. The opinion of expert committees. ANS: 1 Individual RCTs are the gold standard for research. A peer-reviewed article means that a panel of experts has reviewed the article; this is not a research method. Qualitative research is valuable in identifying information about how patients cope with or manage various health problems and their perceptions of illness. It does not usually have the robustness of an RCT. Expert opinion is on the bottom of the hierarchical pyramid of evidence. DIF: Knowledge REF: 53-54 OBJ: Describe the five steps of evidence-based practice. TOP: Assessment MSC: Teaching/Learning 5. The nurse is writing a research article on a patient care topic. The nurse realizes that the section that will get the reader to read the article because of the value of the topic for the reader is the 1. Abstract. 2. Introduction. 3. Literature review or background. 4. Results. ANS: 2Test Bank 5-4 TestBankW The introduction contains information about its purpose and the importance of the topic to the audience who reads the article. The abstract is a brief summary of the article. The literature review or background offers a detailed background of the level of science or clinical information that is available about the topic of the article. The results section is the summary section of the article. DIF: Understand REF: 54-55 OBJ: Describe the five steps of evidence-based practice. TOP: Assessment MSC: Teaching/Learning 6. The nurse is caring for a patient with chronic low back pain. In providing care for this patient, the nurse wonders whether the guidelines utilized for this type of pain are adequate. The nurse wants to determine the best evidence-based practice regarding these guidelines. What is the best database for the nurse to access? 1. MEDLINE 2. EMBASE 3. PsycINFO 4. AHRQ ANS: 4 The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) includes clinical guidelines and evidence summaries. MEDLINE includes studies in medicine, nursing, dentistry, psychiatry, veterinary medicine, and allied health. EMBASE includes biomedical and pharmaceutical studies. PsycINFO deals with psychology and related health care disciplines. DIF: Understand REF: 53 OBJ: Describe the five steps of evidence-based practice. TOP: Implementation MSC: Communication and Documentation 7. The nurse is developing a PICO question related to whether her patient’s blood pressure is more accurate while measuring with the patient’s legs crossed versus with the patient’s feet flat on the floor. With P being the population of interest, I the intervention of interest, C the comparison of interest, and O the outcome, the nurse determines that this is 1. A true PICO question, because the outcome always comes before the intervention. 2. A true PICO question regardless of placement of elements. 3. Not a true PICO question, because the comparison comes after the intervention. 4. Not a true PICO question, because the outcome comes after the population. ANS: 2 Note that a well-designed PICO question does not have to follow the sequence of P, I, C, and O. The aim is to ask a question that contains as many of the PICO elements as possible. DIF: Understand REF: 52 OBJ: Develop a PICO question.Test Bank 5-5 TestBankW TOP: Implementation MSC: Teaching/Learning 8. In reviewing literature for an evidence-based practice study, the nurse realizes that the most reliable level of evidence is the 1. Systematic review and meta-analysis. 2. Randomized control trial (RCT). 3. Case control study. 4. Control trial without randomization. ANS: 1 In a systematic review or meta-analysis, an independent researcher reviews all of the RCTs conducted on the same clinical question and reports whether the evidence is conclusive, or if further study is needed. A single RCT is not as conclusive as a review of several RCTs on the same question. Control trials without randomization may involve bias in how the study is conducted. Case control studies also have room for bias. DIF: Analyze REF: 53-54 OBJ: Explain the levels of evidence in the literature. TOP: Assessment MSC: Teaching/Learning 9. Qualitative nursing research is valuable in that it 1. Excludes all bias. 2. Uses randomization in structure. 3. Determines associations between variables and conditions. 4. Studies phenomena that are difficult to quantify. ANS: 4 Qualitative nursing research is the study of phenomena that are difficult to quantify or categorize, such as patients’ perceptions of illness. No study can totally exclude bias. However, randomization, such as that used in randomized control studies, helps. Qualitative nursing research does not usually randomize its subjects. Control studies determine whether there is an association between one or more predictor variables and the condition. DIF: Knowledge REF: 59 OBJ: Explain the levels of evid