PEDIATRICS
NCM 109: MATERNAL AND CHILD Nursing Care Management
HEALTH WITH ACUTE CONDITIONS AND — Screen pre-adolescent age group for scoliosis
HIGH-RISK PREGNANCIES — Teach appropriate exercises and encourage
PEDIATRICS LECTURE regular exercises
— Provide teachings about the use of Milwaukee
brace:
HEALTH PROBLEMS COMMON IN — Wear continuously for 23 hours
ADOLESCENT — Examine skin for irritation
— Prevent skin breakdown. Wear t-shirt
SCOLIOSIS under the brace .
- Lateral curvature of the spine resulting in — Check brace for loosening. Tighten as
structural, functional and cosmetic alterations necessary.
in the spine, chest and pelvis. — Promote positive body image with
- S-shaped vertebrae brace
Etiology — Provide care after spinal fusion and harrington
- Idiopathic Or Unknown (75%) rod insertion
— Maintain flat on bed
Other Causes: — Log-Roll every 2 hours, deep
- Congenital breathing and coughing.
- Trauma — Assess bandage and sheets for
- Functional: Secondary to another deformity drainage every 2-4 hours
- Neuromuscular: Cerebral Palsy — Maintain strict I & O.
— Administer analgesics for pain
Signs and Symptoms — Neurovascular check to
- uneven shoulders, breasts, hips and hemline lower extremities every 4 hours
- asymmetry/deformity in rib cage — Monitor incision site-S/Sx of bleeding
- obvious spinal curve
and infection
- prominent shoulder blades on standing — Provide age-related activities during
- rib hump when child bends from waist
long recovery
- poorly fitting clothes
- fatigue, backache, dyspnea SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES (STD’S)
- Are sex-related disorders that results from
Diagnostic Tests infection that is transmitted through sexual
Inspection contact
- X-ray revelas degree of curvature
STD’s include:
Complications: - Aids
- Respiratory problems - Chancroid
- Compromised cardiac system - Chlamydial infections
- Complications of postoperative immobility - Genital herpes
- Genital warts
Treatment - Gonorrhea
- Exercises-side bending for curvature less than - Lymphogranuloma venereum( lgv)
20-30 degrees - Syphilis
- Steel and leather brace (Milwaukee brace)- - Trichomoniasis
most common and most effective
- Plaster jacket/cast Causes
- Halo-pelvic or halo-femoral traction Bacterial - chlamydia,syphilis, gonorrhea
- Surgery for curvature greater than 40 degrees Viral - genital herpes
Parasitic - condyloma acuminata
SPINAL FUSION AND HARRINGTON ROD
INSTRUMENTATION- spinal realignment and Signs and Symptoms
straightening by way of external and internal fixation Pain during urination
and instrumentation, combined with bony fusion Vaginal or penile discharge
(ARTHRODESIS) of the realigned spine. Growths that appear on the genitalia and sores on
the mouth or genitalia
Evidence of sexual abuse
1
, PEDIATRICS
Complications Etiology
Emotional stress Genetic predisposition obesity in parents increases
Male or female infertility the probability of obesity in children. A child of
Ectopic pregnancies parents with obesity has an 80% chance of being
Death obese. A child who’s obese between the ages 10 and
13 has an 80% chance of becoming obese as an adult.
Treatment
Oral antibiotics and antiviral medications Contributors to the genetic predisposition towards
Analgesics and antipyretics obesity:
- A body type that’s predisposed to the
accumulation of subcutaneous fats.
- An inherited defect that interferes with the
metabolic breakdown of fat.
- Familial and cultural eating habits and
behaviors
Biological factors
- certain diseases and endocrine and metabolic
problems can contribute to childhood obesity.
- Hypothyroidism
- Muscular dystrophy
- Down syndrome
- Spina bifida
Psychological factors
- Many children eat in response to how they’re
feeling. Eating gives them a sense of well-
being and security. However, for a child who’s
bored, lonely, tired or depressed eating is his
way of obtaining those nurturing feelings.
Parents may also use food as a reward, or
withhold it as punishment.
Tests
- Body mass index (BMI) can be calculated by
dividing the person’s weight by the square of
his height.
- Compare to normal values on standardized
graphs to diagnose progressive levels of
obesity
Complications
OBESITY Respiratory difficulties
— Is an excess of body fat of 20% or more above Hypertension
the ideal body weight for a person’s age and Cardiovascular diseases
height. Diabetes mellitus
— 15.5 % of adolescents are obese. Renal disease
— Both adolescent boys and girls are equally at Psychological difficulties
risk for obesity
Causes Treatment
- Sedentary lifestyle (couch-potato children) - Avoiding fast food establishment
- Overeating - Provide low-fat alternatives for after school
- Poor eating habits snacks
- Stressful change or life events - Switching from whole milk to skim milk
- Low self-esteem - Exchanging fresh vegetables to fried snack
- Depression foods
- Family problems or problems with peers - Offering a variety of fresh and dried fruits
2
NCM 109: MATERNAL AND CHILD Nursing Care Management
HEALTH WITH ACUTE CONDITIONS AND — Screen pre-adolescent age group for scoliosis
HIGH-RISK PREGNANCIES — Teach appropriate exercises and encourage
PEDIATRICS LECTURE regular exercises
— Provide teachings about the use of Milwaukee
brace:
HEALTH PROBLEMS COMMON IN — Wear continuously for 23 hours
ADOLESCENT — Examine skin for irritation
— Prevent skin breakdown. Wear t-shirt
SCOLIOSIS under the brace .
- Lateral curvature of the spine resulting in — Check brace for loosening. Tighten as
structural, functional and cosmetic alterations necessary.
in the spine, chest and pelvis. — Promote positive body image with
- S-shaped vertebrae brace
Etiology — Provide care after spinal fusion and harrington
- Idiopathic Or Unknown (75%) rod insertion
— Maintain flat on bed
Other Causes: — Log-Roll every 2 hours, deep
- Congenital breathing and coughing.
- Trauma — Assess bandage and sheets for
- Functional: Secondary to another deformity drainage every 2-4 hours
- Neuromuscular: Cerebral Palsy — Maintain strict I & O.
— Administer analgesics for pain
Signs and Symptoms — Neurovascular check to
- uneven shoulders, breasts, hips and hemline lower extremities every 4 hours
- asymmetry/deformity in rib cage — Monitor incision site-S/Sx of bleeding
- obvious spinal curve
and infection
- prominent shoulder blades on standing — Provide age-related activities during
- rib hump when child bends from waist
long recovery
- poorly fitting clothes
- fatigue, backache, dyspnea SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES (STD’S)
- Are sex-related disorders that results from
Diagnostic Tests infection that is transmitted through sexual
Inspection contact
- X-ray revelas degree of curvature
STD’s include:
Complications: - Aids
- Respiratory problems - Chancroid
- Compromised cardiac system - Chlamydial infections
- Complications of postoperative immobility - Genital herpes
- Genital warts
Treatment - Gonorrhea
- Exercises-side bending for curvature less than - Lymphogranuloma venereum( lgv)
20-30 degrees - Syphilis
- Steel and leather brace (Milwaukee brace)- - Trichomoniasis
most common and most effective
- Plaster jacket/cast Causes
- Halo-pelvic or halo-femoral traction Bacterial - chlamydia,syphilis, gonorrhea
- Surgery for curvature greater than 40 degrees Viral - genital herpes
Parasitic - condyloma acuminata
SPINAL FUSION AND HARRINGTON ROD
INSTRUMENTATION- spinal realignment and Signs and Symptoms
straightening by way of external and internal fixation Pain during urination
and instrumentation, combined with bony fusion Vaginal or penile discharge
(ARTHRODESIS) of the realigned spine. Growths that appear on the genitalia and sores on
the mouth or genitalia
Evidence of sexual abuse
1
, PEDIATRICS
Complications Etiology
Emotional stress Genetic predisposition obesity in parents increases
Male or female infertility the probability of obesity in children. A child of
Ectopic pregnancies parents with obesity has an 80% chance of being
Death obese. A child who’s obese between the ages 10 and
13 has an 80% chance of becoming obese as an adult.
Treatment
Oral antibiotics and antiviral medications Contributors to the genetic predisposition towards
Analgesics and antipyretics obesity:
- A body type that’s predisposed to the
accumulation of subcutaneous fats.
- An inherited defect that interferes with the
metabolic breakdown of fat.
- Familial and cultural eating habits and
behaviors
Biological factors
- certain diseases and endocrine and metabolic
problems can contribute to childhood obesity.
- Hypothyroidism
- Muscular dystrophy
- Down syndrome
- Spina bifida
Psychological factors
- Many children eat in response to how they’re
feeling. Eating gives them a sense of well-
being and security. However, for a child who’s
bored, lonely, tired or depressed eating is his
way of obtaining those nurturing feelings.
Parents may also use food as a reward, or
withhold it as punishment.
Tests
- Body mass index (BMI) can be calculated by
dividing the person’s weight by the square of
his height.
- Compare to normal values on standardized
graphs to diagnose progressive levels of
obesity
Complications
OBESITY Respiratory difficulties
— Is an excess of body fat of 20% or more above Hypertension
the ideal body weight for a person’s age and Cardiovascular diseases
height. Diabetes mellitus
— 15.5 % of adolescents are obese. Renal disease
— Both adolescent boys and girls are equally at Psychological difficulties
risk for obesity
Causes Treatment
- Sedentary lifestyle (couch-potato children) - Avoiding fast food establishment
- Overeating - Provide low-fat alternatives for after school
- Poor eating habits snacks
- Stressful change or life events - Switching from whole milk to skim milk
- Low self-esteem - Exchanging fresh vegetables to fried snack
- Depression foods
- Family problems or problems with peers - Offering a variety of fresh and dried fruits
2
