BIOCHEMISTRY LECTURE / FIRST SEMESTER
INTRODUCTION TO BIOCHEMISTRY
OU LEARNING OBJECTIVES CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN LIVING ORGANISMS
I. Define Biochemistry 1) Oxidation – most of the energy liberated by living matter is derived from the oxidation
II. Identify the objectives as well as the of organic substances such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins. It occurs when it gains
scope of Biochemistry oxygen or loses hydrogen.
III. Know and understand the different a. Aerobic Oxidation – takes place in the presence of oxygen
chemical reactions occurring inside b. Anaerobic Oxidation – occurs in the absence of oxygen
living organisms 2) Reduction – it is the reverse of oxidation, a gain of hydrogen or loss of oxygen by an
IV. Know the importance of biochemistry organic compound
V. Know the use of biochemistry 3) Hydrolysis – union of a substance with one or more water molecules from an unstable
“substance-water complex”, which is subsequently fragmented.
- Large molecules are broken down into smaller and simpler forms.
WHAT IS BIOCHEMISTRY? 4) Condensation – simple fragments, unite with one another to form a more complex
compound, and involves removal of water molecule
Chemistry of life.
Study of life processes, structures,
5) Decarboxylation – removal of carboxyl group of organic acids forming carbon dioxide.
mechanisms, reactions at the level. 6) Transfer Reactions -
Chemistry, Biology and Genetics a. Phosphorylation – addition of phosphate group to an organic compound to another
The first interrelationship of the disciplines b. Transamination – transfer to an amino group from one compound to another
came in the 19th century from inorganic c. Acetylation – addition of an acyl group to an organic molecule
precursor – ammonium cyanate.
d. Transmethylation – transfer of a methyl group from a methyl donor to another
In 1987, Edward Buchner and Hans Buchner,
found that dead yeast cells are still able to
compound
undergo fermentation, demonstrating that
reactions can occur in vitro.
In mid- 19 Gregor start describing genes.
James Watson and Francis Crick proposed the
structure of the DNA in 1953.
Today, biochemistry stands of many life
sciences, it will continue to grow with new
developments and new technologies.
VITALISM
Idea that substances and processed associated with
living organisms did not behave according to the known
laws of physics and chemistry. IMPORTANCE OF BIOCHEMISTRY
EVIDENCE FOR VITALISM
Biochemistry is important to physiology as both biochemistry
Only living things have a high degree of complexity
Only living things extract, transform and utilize energy and physiology overlap and merge.
from their environment
Only living things are capable of self-assembly and self- 1. The understanding and maintenance of health
replication
2. The understanding and effective treatment of disease
ORIGIN OF BIOCHEMISTRY
USES OF BIOCHEMISTRY
A challenge to vitalism
Famous dead scientist The results of biochemical research are used
MAJOR OBJECTIVE OF BIOCHEMISTRY extensively in the world outside the laboratory.
The basic goal of the science of biochemistry is to
– Agriculture
determine how the biochemistry is to determine how – Pharmacology and Toxicology
the collections of inanimate molecules that constitute – Medical Sciences
living organisms interact with each other to maintain
and perpetuate life. – Clinical Chemistry
– Nutrition
SCOPE OF BIOCHEMISTRY
Biochemistry is the chemistry of living
matter in its different phases of activity,
from the smallest microorganisms such as
viruses o the most complex ones as human
SOPHIA NICOLE POSERIO MACAM
UNIVERSIDAD DE MANILA
BSN- 14
INTRODUCTION TO BIOCHEMISTRY
OU LEARNING OBJECTIVES CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN LIVING ORGANISMS
I. Define Biochemistry 1) Oxidation – most of the energy liberated by living matter is derived from the oxidation
II. Identify the objectives as well as the of organic substances such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins. It occurs when it gains
scope of Biochemistry oxygen or loses hydrogen.
III. Know and understand the different a. Aerobic Oxidation – takes place in the presence of oxygen
chemical reactions occurring inside b. Anaerobic Oxidation – occurs in the absence of oxygen
living organisms 2) Reduction – it is the reverse of oxidation, a gain of hydrogen or loss of oxygen by an
IV. Know the importance of biochemistry organic compound
V. Know the use of biochemistry 3) Hydrolysis – union of a substance with one or more water molecules from an unstable
“substance-water complex”, which is subsequently fragmented.
- Large molecules are broken down into smaller and simpler forms.
WHAT IS BIOCHEMISTRY? 4) Condensation – simple fragments, unite with one another to form a more complex
compound, and involves removal of water molecule
Chemistry of life.
Study of life processes, structures,
5) Decarboxylation – removal of carboxyl group of organic acids forming carbon dioxide.
mechanisms, reactions at the level. 6) Transfer Reactions -
Chemistry, Biology and Genetics a. Phosphorylation – addition of phosphate group to an organic compound to another
The first interrelationship of the disciplines b. Transamination – transfer to an amino group from one compound to another
came in the 19th century from inorganic c. Acetylation – addition of an acyl group to an organic molecule
precursor – ammonium cyanate.
d. Transmethylation – transfer of a methyl group from a methyl donor to another
In 1987, Edward Buchner and Hans Buchner,
found that dead yeast cells are still able to
compound
undergo fermentation, demonstrating that
reactions can occur in vitro.
In mid- 19 Gregor start describing genes.
James Watson and Francis Crick proposed the
structure of the DNA in 1953.
Today, biochemistry stands of many life
sciences, it will continue to grow with new
developments and new technologies.
VITALISM
Idea that substances and processed associated with
living organisms did not behave according to the known
laws of physics and chemistry. IMPORTANCE OF BIOCHEMISTRY
EVIDENCE FOR VITALISM
Biochemistry is important to physiology as both biochemistry
Only living things have a high degree of complexity
Only living things extract, transform and utilize energy and physiology overlap and merge.
from their environment
Only living things are capable of self-assembly and self- 1. The understanding and maintenance of health
replication
2. The understanding and effective treatment of disease
ORIGIN OF BIOCHEMISTRY
USES OF BIOCHEMISTRY
A challenge to vitalism
Famous dead scientist The results of biochemical research are used
MAJOR OBJECTIVE OF BIOCHEMISTRY extensively in the world outside the laboratory.
The basic goal of the science of biochemistry is to
– Agriculture
determine how the biochemistry is to determine how – Pharmacology and Toxicology
the collections of inanimate molecules that constitute – Medical Sciences
living organisms interact with each other to maintain
and perpetuate life. – Clinical Chemistry
– Nutrition
SCOPE OF BIOCHEMISTRY
Biochemistry is the chemistry of living
matter in its different phases of activity,
from the smallest microorganisms such as
viruses o the most complex ones as human
SOPHIA NICOLE POSERIO MACAM
UNIVERSIDAD DE MANILA
BSN- 14
