SAMEN VATTING NMP
Networking Methods and Protocols
This will contain the following Weeks
1. Introduction & OSI
2. Physical
3. Datalink
4. Network
5. Transport
6. Application
7. Security
Richard Reijerse
S1128082
0
,Content
1 Global overview .............................................................................................................................. 2
1.1 Applications............................................................................................................................. 2
1.2 Things: Smart Objects ............................................................................................................. 2
1.3 Everything can be connected .................................................................................................. 3
1.4 Resources in a Network (DEFINITIONS) .................................................................................. 4
1.5 Expectations of reliable networks........................................................................................... 8
1.6 TCP/IP Model: a layered model ............................................................................................ 11
2 Physical.......................................................................................................................................... 12
2.1 Baseband transmission ......................................................................................................... 12
2.2 Passband transmission: multiple access to a medium ......................................................... 16
2.2.1 Analog ........................................................................................................................... 16
2.2.2 Digital ............................................................................................................................ 17
2.3 Wired media.......................................................................................................................... 23
2.4 Wireless Media ..................................................................................................................... 26
3 Datalink ......................................................................................................................................... 31
3.1 LLC & Requirements for media access .................................................................................. 32
3.2 Data send protocols .............................................................................................................. 33
3.3 Frames................................................................................................................................... 36
4 Network ........................................................................................................................................ 42
4.1 Network Layer Protocols....................................................................................................... 42
4.2 The IPv4 header .................................................................................................................... 43
4.3 The Need for IPv6.................................................................................................................. 43
4.4 IPv4 vs IPv6 Packet ................................................................................................................ 44
4.5 Testing and error handling IP ................................................................................................ 48
5 Transport....................................................................................................................................... 60
6 7: Security ..................................................................................................................................... 73
6.1 Security Definitions ............................................................................................................... 73
1
,1 Global overview
Religious
All
People
Political
Seem Financial
To Application
Need
Data Presentation
Processing Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Figure 1 OSI model
1.1 Applications
− Smart grid (Energy)
− Industrial automation
− Smart cities and Urban Networks
− Home automation
− Building automation
− Structural health monitoring
− Container tracking
− Health monitoring
Figure 2 Network can be a connection between a lot of things
1.2 Things: Smart Objects
• Connect the analog and digital world
– Interaction with physical world
– Communication to outside world
• Components
– Sensor/actuator
– Microcontroller
– Storage
– Network
– Power
2
, 1.3 Everything can be connected
• Embedded systems
– Computer embedded in something other
than a computer (real-time)
• Ubiquitous computing
– Computing moves into everyday objects,
e.g. wearables
• Mobile telephony
– Ubiquitous always-on service, available
everywhere. Figure 3 Connection of smart objects, old and new
• Wireless Sensor Networks
– Smart dust
• Mobile computing
– Carry-around computers
• Computer Networking
– Computer communication via the Internet
• Telemetry & machine-machine communication
– Autonomic communication between non-human operated machines
Challenges for designing IoT things and networks
• Node-level
– Physical size
– Power
– Cost
• Network-level
– Large scale: thousands of nodes
• Network size: routing
• Data size
– Environment (QoS)
• Lossy networks
– Addressing
– Ad hoc: auto management (1 on 1)
– External access
• Security
– Privacy
• Ubiquitous data collection
• Who owns your (sensor) data?
– Cyber attacks
• DDoS
– From things with computers to computer with/doing things
• The Internet is a giant robot
– Physical safety
• Stuxnet
– Patching/updates
– Unauthorized access
• Physical
• Remote
3
Networking Methods and Protocols
This will contain the following Weeks
1. Introduction & OSI
2. Physical
3. Datalink
4. Network
5. Transport
6. Application
7. Security
Richard Reijerse
S1128082
0
,Content
1 Global overview .............................................................................................................................. 2
1.1 Applications............................................................................................................................. 2
1.2 Things: Smart Objects ............................................................................................................. 2
1.3 Everything can be connected .................................................................................................. 3
1.4 Resources in a Network (DEFINITIONS) .................................................................................. 4
1.5 Expectations of reliable networks........................................................................................... 8
1.6 TCP/IP Model: a layered model ............................................................................................ 11
2 Physical.......................................................................................................................................... 12
2.1 Baseband transmission ......................................................................................................... 12
2.2 Passband transmission: multiple access to a medium ......................................................... 16
2.2.1 Analog ........................................................................................................................... 16
2.2.2 Digital ............................................................................................................................ 17
2.3 Wired media.......................................................................................................................... 23
2.4 Wireless Media ..................................................................................................................... 26
3 Datalink ......................................................................................................................................... 31
3.1 LLC & Requirements for media access .................................................................................. 32
3.2 Data send protocols .............................................................................................................. 33
3.3 Frames................................................................................................................................... 36
4 Network ........................................................................................................................................ 42
4.1 Network Layer Protocols....................................................................................................... 42
4.2 The IPv4 header .................................................................................................................... 43
4.3 The Need for IPv6.................................................................................................................. 43
4.4 IPv4 vs IPv6 Packet ................................................................................................................ 44
4.5 Testing and error handling IP ................................................................................................ 48
5 Transport....................................................................................................................................... 60
6 7: Security ..................................................................................................................................... 73
6.1 Security Definitions ............................................................................................................... 73
1
,1 Global overview
Religious
All
People
Political
Seem Financial
To Application
Need
Data Presentation
Processing Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Figure 1 OSI model
1.1 Applications
− Smart grid (Energy)
− Industrial automation
− Smart cities and Urban Networks
− Home automation
− Building automation
− Structural health monitoring
− Container tracking
− Health monitoring
Figure 2 Network can be a connection between a lot of things
1.2 Things: Smart Objects
• Connect the analog and digital world
– Interaction with physical world
– Communication to outside world
• Components
– Sensor/actuator
– Microcontroller
– Storage
– Network
– Power
2
, 1.3 Everything can be connected
• Embedded systems
– Computer embedded in something other
than a computer (real-time)
• Ubiquitous computing
– Computing moves into everyday objects,
e.g. wearables
• Mobile telephony
– Ubiquitous always-on service, available
everywhere. Figure 3 Connection of smart objects, old and new
• Wireless Sensor Networks
– Smart dust
• Mobile computing
– Carry-around computers
• Computer Networking
– Computer communication via the Internet
• Telemetry & machine-machine communication
– Autonomic communication between non-human operated machines
Challenges for designing IoT things and networks
• Node-level
– Physical size
– Power
– Cost
• Network-level
– Large scale: thousands of nodes
• Network size: routing
• Data size
– Environment (QoS)
• Lossy networks
– Addressing
– Ad hoc: auto management (1 on 1)
– External access
• Security
– Privacy
• Ubiquitous data collection
• Who owns your (sensor) data?
– Cyber attacks
• DDoS
– From things with computers to computer with/doing things
• The Internet is a giant robot
– Physical safety
• Stuxnet
– Patching/updates
– Unauthorized access
• Physical
• Remote
3
