Week 2
Tuesday, 12 October 2021 12:17 PM
From socialism to modernization
Establishing the iron rice bowl
- Iron rice bowl
○ An occupation with guaranteed job security / steady
income and benefits
○ It provided security for people
§ Important because at time of establishment of CCP
china was very vulnerable with high unemployment
□ Follow japan
- CPC - communist party of china
○ Came out in 1949
○ Private owned enterprises were replaced by state owned
enterprises
§ So the state became the main recruiter and employer
and paid employees and gave social benefits
- Adopted the soviet model for political, economic and social
development
- Social construction of a new china
○ Removal of the 3 big mountains
§ Imperialism
□ Extending a countries power through force /
military
§ Feudalism
□ Structuring of society based on the ownership
of lands in exchange for labor
§ Bureaucratic capitalism
□ Capitalism in semi-feudal countries
○ Many other problems as well
§ Drug addiction / crime / unemployment
○ Initially government helped a lot
§ Job placements
§ Close supervision
§ Heavy political education
○ Caused the following
§ Welfare services were shut down - 1953
§ Marriage law - 1950
□ Change from traditional chinese marriage views
, § Close supervision
§ Heavy political education
○ Caused the following
§ Welfare services were shut down - 1953
§ Marriage law - 1950
□ Change from traditional chinese marriage views
® Often forced, women could not divorce,
concubinage was common place
□ Both parties had to accept to marrying
□ Became an essential part of land reform
® Women in rural communities couldn’t be
sold to landlords
□ Led to increase divorce rate and womens
increasing financial importance in the
household
§ Women encouraged to engage in manual labor
§ Family policy
□ Shift loyalty of individuals from family to society
§ Social welfare was employment centered
○ Followed the Marxist-Leninist ideology
§ Communist ideology
§ Support socialist democracy
§ Oppose anarchism / imperialism / liberal democracy
□ Liberal democracy - individuals rights and
freedoms are officially recognized
§ Led to working class given privilege status
□ Urban-biased
□ Guaranteed jobs
○ Iron rice bowl
§ Egalitarian security network
§ High employment / high welfare / low wages
○ While peasants faced the Scissors problem
§ Peasants
§ Prices for agricultural products were low
§ Costs of industrial products were high
- General improvement in quality of life in 1960
○ Lead to first phase of demographic transition
○ Large young population
- The great leap forward in 1960
○ Launched by Mao
§ Economic and social campaign
§ To convert society from agrarian society to a
communist society
§ Increased efforts to multiply grain yields and bring
industry to the countryside
○ Communes set up in rural areas
○ Income shared out according to work points
Tuesday, 12 October 2021 12:17 PM
From socialism to modernization
Establishing the iron rice bowl
- Iron rice bowl
○ An occupation with guaranteed job security / steady
income and benefits
○ It provided security for people
§ Important because at time of establishment of CCP
china was very vulnerable with high unemployment
□ Follow japan
- CPC - communist party of china
○ Came out in 1949
○ Private owned enterprises were replaced by state owned
enterprises
§ So the state became the main recruiter and employer
and paid employees and gave social benefits
- Adopted the soviet model for political, economic and social
development
- Social construction of a new china
○ Removal of the 3 big mountains
§ Imperialism
□ Extending a countries power through force /
military
§ Feudalism
□ Structuring of society based on the ownership
of lands in exchange for labor
§ Bureaucratic capitalism
□ Capitalism in semi-feudal countries
○ Many other problems as well
§ Drug addiction / crime / unemployment
○ Initially government helped a lot
§ Job placements
§ Close supervision
§ Heavy political education
○ Caused the following
§ Welfare services were shut down - 1953
§ Marriage law - 1950
□ Change from traditional chinese marriage views
, § Close supervision
§ Heavy political education
○ Caused the following
§ Welfare services were shut down - 1953
§ Marriage law - 1950
□ Change from traditional chinese marriage views
® Often forced, women could not divorce,
concubinage was common place
□ Both parties had to accept to marrying
□ Became an essential part of land reform
® Women in rural communities couldn’t be
sold to landlords
□ Led to increase divorce rate and womens
increasing financial importance in the
household
§ Women encouraged to engage in manual labor
§ Family policy
□ Shift loyalty of individuals from family to society
§ Social welfare was employment centered
○ Followed the Marxist-Leninist ideology
§ Communist ideology
§ Support socialist democracy
§ Oppose anarchism / imperialism / liberal democracy
□ Liberal democracy - individuals rights and
freedoms are officially recognized
§ Led to working class given privilege status
□ Urban-biased
□ Guaranteed jobs
○ Iron rice bowl
§ Egalitarian security network
§ High employment / high welfare / low wages
○ While peasants faced the Scissors problem
§ Peasants
§ Prices for agricultural products were low
§ Costs of industrial products were high
- General improvement in quality of life in 1960
○ Lead to first phase of demographic transition
○ Large young population
- The great leap forward in 1960
○ Launched by Mao
§ Economic and social campaign
§ To convert society from agrarian society to a
communist society
§ Increased efforts to multiply grain yields and bring
industry to the countryside
○ Communes set up in rural areas
○ Income shared out according to work points
