Nursing C 870 - Anatomy and Physiology Study Guide. Questions with Answers.

Nursing C 870 - Anatomy and Physiology Study Guide. Questions with Answers. Anatomy and Physiology - Study Questions Unit 2: Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology 1. Complete the following directional term table. The first column lists the direction term. In the second column, enter a definition of the term. In the third column, give two examples of how the term is used. For instance, "the toe is distal to the knee." (See page 9.) Directional term Definition Two Examples Superior Above/towards head Head is superior to feet Arms are superior to legs Inferior Below/towards feet Feet are inferior to head Legs are inferior to arms Dorsal Towards back Spine is dorsal to belly button Kidneys are dorsal to large intestine Ventral Towards front/belly Belly button is ventral to spine Large intestine is ventral to kidneys Superficial Towards surface Skin is superficial to muscle Epidermis is superficial to dermis Deep Away from surface (internal) Muscle is deep to skin Dermis is deep to epidermis Distal Farther from origin Ankle is distal to knee Wrist is distal to elbow Proximal Closer to origin Knee is proximal to ankle Elbow is proximal to wrist Medial Towards mid-line Nose is medial to eyeball Sternum is medial to ribs Lateral Towards the side Eyeball is lateral to nose Ribs are lateral to sternum Anterior Towards front Face is anterior to the back of the head Belly button is on the anterior side of a human Posterior Towards back Back of the head is posterior to the face Spine is on the posterior side of a human 2. List the structural level of the body from cell to organ system. Using a specific organ system of your choosing, give an example of the structural level of organization from a cell to an organ system. (See page 17.) Cell  tissue  organ  organ system  organism Anatomy and Physiology Study Guide Questions Stomach cell  stomach tissue  digestive system  human Unit 3: Integumentary System (watch the video on page 32) 1. Identify the structures of the integumentary system and describe their functions. (See pages 32 and 33.)  Skin—covering (integument). o Epidermis—barrier function and sensory o Dermis – sensory function, temperature regulation, maintain moisture o Hypodermis--- anchors skin to other tissues  Hair- provides sensory function and insulation  Nails – accessory structure at tips of fingers and toes. 2. Describe the layers of the skin, what is found in each layer, and the function of each layer. (See Module 5, pages 34-39.) Including drawing or diagram of a cross-section of the skin in your notes is helpful.  Epidermis – outer most layer, made of epithelial tissue, avascular. Protection is the main function. i Has 5 layers (stratum corneum, stratum lucidium, stratum granuiosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale) in thick layers and has 4 in thin areas (does not include stratum lucidium). ii Has mostly dead cells – helps for immunity because as we lose dead layers, we also lose pathogens. iii Most common types of cells are keratinocytes. Anatomy and Physiology Study Guide Questions 1 Also contains basale cells (stem cells specific to skin), merkel cells (light touch receptors),