BILL OF RIGHTS
Summary & Explanation
Amendment 6:
Accused has many rights. Free trial, Public trial, speedy trial, impartial jury will
trial him, the district in which the offence has been committed, trial will be
carried out in that district. He will be told about his offence. He can produce
witnesses in his favour in-front of the court. He has also the rights of examination-
in-chief and cross-examination. Right of counsel will be granted.
Amendment 7:
It deals with civil matters. Those matters which are related to property and
contract. When a court has jurisdiction and power on the basis of territory, it is
called as territorial jurisdiction. Pecuniary (money) jurisdiction in talked about in
the 7th amendment.
In Pakistan, Class 1, 2, 3 civil judges listen to the cases according to the amount of
the property/matters. Class 1 has no limit and more jurisdiction. Class 3 has the
lowest. This is pecuniary jurisdiction.
The value in controversy, the matter of the dispute, if exceeds 20$, under
Amendment 7, the person has the right that the jury investigates and adjudicate
the matter. There will be jury trial. Jury (general public, good repute, can cast
vote, neither judges nor lawyers, they have the good understanding of the law)
At the same time, the right of jury is also protected. On the question of facts, the
jury give its findings to the judge and then the judge give the decision by applying
the relevant law. Findings of the jury on the facts cannot be questioned or re-
examined in any court of US. That will be final.
Common law is English law. People used to come to the King. Matters were
resolved by applying impartial reasoning. It can also be called man-made or judge-
made laws. Precedents complied and judge-made laws were constituted. Jury
gives findings on the basis of equity.
Amendment 8:
Its spirit is same as of the 6th Amendment. It gives 4 rights. Excessive bail shall not
be required. Bail amount will not be hefty. There will be a reasonable amount as
surety. Excessive fines will not be imposed. The punishment shall not be cruel and
unusual. The legislature will also make laws according to it.
Summary & Explanation
Amendment 6:
Accused has many rights. Free trial, Public trial, speedy trial, impartial jury will
trial him, the district in which the offence has been committed, trial will be
carried out in that district. He will be told about his offence. He can produce
witnesses in his favour in-front of the court. He has also the rights of examination-
in-chief and cross-examination. Right of counsel will be granted.
Amendment 7:
It deals with civil matters. Those matters which are related to property and
contract. When a court has jurisdiction and power on the basis of territory, it is
called as territorial jurisdiction. Pecuniary (money) jurisdiction in talked about in
the 7th amendment.
In Pakistan, Class 1, 2, 3 civil judges listen to the cases according to the amount of
the property/matters. Class 1 has no limit and more jurisdiction. Class 3 has the
lowest. This is pecuniary jurisdiction.
The value in controversy, the matter of the dispute, if exceeds 20$, under
Amendment 7, the person has the right that the jury investigates and adjudicate
the matter. There will be jury trial. Jury (general public, good repute, can cast
vote, neither judges nor lawyers, they have the good understanding of the law)
At the same time, the right of jury is also protected. On the question of facts, the
jury give its findings to the judge and then the judge give the decision by applying
the relevant law. Findings of the jury on the facts cannot be questioned or re-
examined in any court of US. That will be final.
Common law is English law. People used to come to the King. Matters were
resolved by applying impartial reasoning. It can also be called man-made or judge-
made laws. Precedents complied and judge-made laws were constituted. Jury
gives findings on the basis of equity.
Amendment 8:
Its spirit is same as of the 6th Amendment. It gives 4 rights. Excessive bail shall not
be required. Bail amount will not be hefty. There will be a reasonable amount as
surety. Excessive fines will not be imposed. The punishment shall not be cruel and
unusual. The legislature will also make laws according to it.
