Anaphy Lab (midterm)
Skeletal system
The term skeleton is derived from a Greek word meaning dried. But the skeleton is far from
being dry and nonliving.
Rather, the skeletal system consists of dynamic, living tissues that are able to grow, detect pain
stimuli, adapt to stress, and undergo repair after injury.
The major functions of the skeletal system include:
● Support. Rigid, strong bone is well suited for bearing weight and is the major supporting
tissue of the body.
● Protection. Bone is hard and protects the organs it surrounds.
● Movement. Contraction of the skeletal muscles moves the bones, producing body
movements.
● Storage. Some minerals in the blood—principally, calcium and phosphorus—are stored
in bone.
● Blood cell production. Many bones contain cavities filled with red bone marrow, which
produces blood cells and platelets
Long bone
- Bones of the upper and lower limbs
Short bone
- Are generally cube-shaped and contain mostly spongy bone. The bones of the wrist and
ankle are short bones.
Flat bone
- are thin, flattened and usually curved. Most bones of the skull, the ribs, and the sternum.
Irregular bone
- includes the vertebrae which make up the spinal column, and the hip bones
Bone tissue found throughout the skeleton is divided into two major types .
● Compact bone is mostly solid matrix and cells. (diaphysis of long bone)
● Spongy bone, or cancellous bone, consists of a lacy network of bone with many small,
marrow-filled spaces. (epiphysis of long bone)
, THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
● bone is one of the hardest materials in the body
● the adult skeleton =206 bones
Two Divisions:
1. Axial Skeleton – bones that form the longitudinal axis of the body (80 bones)
2. Appendicular Skeleton – bones of the limbs and girdles (126 bones)
Skeletal system includes: joints, cartilage and ligaments
Axial skeleton
Bones in the longitudinal axis of the body
- composed of skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage or rib cage, auditory ossicles, hyoid
bone
80 bones:
Cranial bones- 8 bones
Parietal 2
Temporal 2
Frontal 1
Occipital 1
Sphenoid 1
Ethmoid 1
Frontal bone – forehead bone; forms most of the roof of orbits and the anterior part of the
cranial floor.
Parietal bone- prominent, bulging bones behind frontal bone, form top sides of cranial cavity
Temporal bone- form lower sides of cranium and part of cranial floor; contain middle and inner
ear structures.
Occipital bone – forms posterior part of the cranial floor and walls
Facial bones- 14 bones
Maxilla 2
Zygomatic 2
Palatine 2
Nasal 2
Lacrimal 2
Inferior nasal concha 2
Unpaired Mandible 1
Vomer 1
Skeletal system
The term skeleton is derived from a Greek word meaning dried. But the skeleton is far from
being dry and nonliving.
Rather, the skeletal system consists of dynamic, living tissues that are able to grow, detect pain
stimuli, adapt to stress, and undergo repair after injury.
The major functions of the skeletal system include:
● Support. Rigid, strong bone is well suited for bearing weight and is the major supporting
tissue of the body.
● Protection. Bone is hard and protects the organs it surrounds.
● Movement. Contraction of the skeletal muscles moves the bones, producing body
movements.
● Storage. Some minerals in the blood—principally, calcium and phosphorus—are stored
in bone.
● Blood cell production. Many bones contain cavities filled with red bone marrow, which
produces blood cells and platelets
Long bone
- Bones of the upper and lower limbs
Short bone
- Are generally cube-shaped and contain mostly spongy bone. The bones of the wrist and
ankle are short bones.
Flat bone
- are thin, flattened and usually curved. Most bones of the skull, the ribs, and the sternum.
Irregular bone
- includes the vertebrae which make up the spinal column, and the hip bones
Bone tissue found throughout the skeleton is divided into two major types .
● Compact bone is mostly solid matrix and cells. (diaphysis of long bone)
● Spongy bone, or cancellous bone, consists of a lacy network of bone with many small,
marrow-filled spaces. (epiphysis of long bone)
, THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
● bone is one of the hardest materials in the body
● the adult skeleton =206 bones
Two Divisions:
1. Axial Skeleton – bones that form the longitudinal axis of the body (80 bones)
2. Appendicular Skeleton – bones of the limbs and girdles (126 bones)
Skeletal system includes: joints, cartilage and ligaments
Axial skeleton
Bones in the longitudinal axis of the body
- composed of skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage or rib cage, auditory ossicles, hyoid
bone
80 bones:
Cranial bones- 8 bones
Parietal 2
Temporal 2
Frontal 1
Occipital 1
Sphenoid 1
Ethmoid 1
Frontal bone – forehead bone; forms most of the roof of orbits and the anterior part of the
cranial floor.
Parietal bone- prominent, bulging bones behind frontal bone, form top sides of cranial cavity
Temporal bone- form lower sides of cranium and part of cranial floor; contain middle and inner
ear structures.
Occipital bone – forms posterior part of the cranial floor and walls
Facial bones- 14 bones
Maxilla 2
Zygomatic 2
Palatine 2
Nasal 2
Lacrimal 2
Inferior nasal concha 2
Unpaired Mandible 1
Vomer 1
