SISTER CALLISTA ROY -ADAPTATION MODEL
"The model provides a way of thinking about people and their environment that is useful in any
setting. It helps one prioritize care and challenges the nurse to move the patient from survival to
transformation"
Sister Callista Roy
− Was born on October 14, 1939 in Los Angeles, California
− Nurse theorist and professor at the William F
− Connell School of Nursing at Boston College,
− Massachusetts Earned her BS Nursing in 1963 from Mount Saint Mary's College, Los Angeles
− MA degree in Pediatric Nursing (1966)
− Doctorate in Sociology (1977)
Metaparadigm in Nursing
• Person
- View person as a biopsychosocial being in constant interaction with a changing environment
- Open adaptive system who uses skills to deal with stressors
- Four adaptive modes: physiologic-physical, self-concept-group identity, role function and
interdependence
4 adaptive Modes
1. Physiologic-Physical
- Physical and chemical processes involved in the function and activities of living organisms
2. Self-concept (Group identity mode)
- Psychological and spiritual integrity
3. Role function
- Roles that individuals occupy in society fulfilling the need for social integrity
4. Interdependence Mode
- Close relationship of people and their purpose
• ENVIRONMENT
− Conditions, circumstances and influences that surround and affect the development and
behavior of the person
− Describe stressors as stimuli
• HEALTH
− Health and illness are a continuum with many different states or degrees possible
− Process of being and becoming an integrated and whole person
− ADAPTATION-process and outcome whereby thinking and feeling use conscious awareness and
choice to create human and environmental integration
• NURSING
, − Science and practice that expands adaptive abilities and enhances person and environment
transformation
− About the decrease, enhancement, modification and alteration of the stimulus to achieve
adaptation
Key Concepts
Types of stimuli
Focal Those most immediately confronting the person, it attracts the most attention
Contextual All other stimuli that strengthen the effect of the focal stimulus
Residual Those stimuli that can affect the focal stimulus but the effects are unclear
2 categories of coping mechanisms
• Regulator subsystem
- Transpires through neutral, chemical and endocrine processes like the increase in vital signs,
Increase production of gastric acid, Rise in blood sugar level
• Cognator subsystem
- Occurs through cognitive-emotive processes - perceptual and information processing, learning,
judgement, and emotion
Nursing Process
- Goal-oriented, problem-solving approach to guide the provision of comprehensive, competent
nursing care to a person or group of persons
Assessment
- Data gathering about the behavior of the person as an adaptive system in each of the adaptive
models
ASSESSMENT DATA
- OBSERVABLE
- NON OBSERVABLE
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
- Formulation of statements that interpret data about the adaptation status of the person,
including the behavior and most relevant stimuli
Goal setting
− Establishment of clear statements of the behavioral outcomes for nursing care which is realistic
and attainable
− Done together with the client
Intervention
- Determination of how best to assist the person in attaining the established goals
Evaluation
"The model provides a way of thinking about people and their environment that is useful in any
setting. It helps one prioritize care and challenges the nurse to move the patient from survival to
transformation"
Sister Callista Roy
− Was born on October 14, 1939 in Los Angeles, California
− Nurse theorist and professor at the William F
− Connell School of Nursing at Boston College,
− Massachusetts Earned her BS Nursing in 1963 from Mount Saint Mary's College, Los Angeles
− MA degree in Pediatric Nursing (1966)
− Doctorate in Sociology (1977)
Metaparadigm in Nursing
• Person
- View person as a biopsychosocial being in constant interaction with a changing environment
- Open adaptive system who uses skills to deal with stressors
- Four adaptive modes: physiologic-physical, self-concept-group identity, role function and
interdependence
4 adaptive Modes
1. Physiologic-Physical
- Physical and chemical processes involved in the function and activities of living organisms
2. Self-concept (Group identity mode)
- Psychological and spiritual integrity
3. Role function
- Roles that individuals occupy in society fulfilling the need for social integrity
4. Interdependence Mode
- Close relationship of people and their purpose
• ENVIRONMENT
− Conditions, circumstances and influences that surround and affect the development and
behavior of the person
− Describe stressors as stimuli
• HEALTH
− Health and illness are a continuum with many different states or degrees possible
− Process of being and becoming an integrated and whole person
− ADAPTATION-process and outcome whereby thinking and feeling use conscious awareness and
choice to create human and environmental integration
• NURSING
, − Science and practice that expands adaptive abilities and enhances person and environment
transformation
− About the decrease, enhancement, modification and alteration of the stimulus to achieve
adaptation
Key Concepts
Types of stimuli
Focal Those most immediately confronting the person, it attracts the most attention
Contextual All other stimuli that strengthen the effect of the focal stimulus
Residual Those stimuli that can affect the focal stimulus but the effects are unclear
2 categories of coping mechanisms
• Regulator subsystem
- Transpires through neutral, chemical and endocrine processes like the increase in vital signs,
Increase production of gastric acid, Rise in blood sugar level
• Cognator subsystem
- Occurs through cognitive-emotive processes - perceptual and information processing, learning,
judgement, and emotion
Nursing Process
- Goal-oriented, problem-solving approach to guide the provision of comprehensive, competent
nursing care to a person or group of persons
Assessment
- Data gathering about the behavior of the person as an adaptive system in each of the adaptive
models
ASSESSMENT DATA
- OBSERVABLE
- NON OBSERVABLE
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
- Formulation of statements that interpret data about the adaptation status of the person,
including the behavior and most relevant stimuli
Goal setting
− Establishment of clear statements of the behavioral outcomes for nursing care which is realistic
and attainable
− Done together with the client
Intervention
- Determination of how best to assist the person in attaining the established goals
Evaluation
