UTS (PRELIMS)
Thomas Aquinas
The Philosophical Self
- 13th century scholar and stalwart of Medieval
- Philosophy is commonly defined as the love of
Philosophy, said that indeed man is composed of
wisdom, but is essentially a special form of activity,
two parts: matter and form. Matter or “hyle” in
to philosophize. Articulo (2004) proposed that it is
Greek, refers to the common stuff that makes up
meant to be experienced, living and doing
everything in the universe. Man’s body is part of
philosophy. As an activity, Philosophy requires the
that matter. Form or “morphe” in Greek, refers to
cultivation of certain qualities in man, to wonder.
the essence of the substance or thing. It is what
- Philosophy was said to have been born the very
makes it what it is. What makes a human person a
moment the first humans began to experience
human person is his soul, his essence. To
such childlike wonders, allowing one to wander
Aquinas, The soul is what animates the body , it
and wonder about one’s human existence.
is what makes us humans.
Rene Descartes
he Self from Various Philosophical
T - Father of Modern Philosophy, conceived that the
Perspectives human person is having a body and a mind. The
only thing one cannot doubt is the existence of the
Socrates self. Thus, his famous cogito ergo sum or I think
- Greek thinker, the true task of a philosopher is to therefore I am, the fact that one thinks should lead
know oneself. He affirms that “the unexplained life one to conclude without a trace of doubt is that he
is not worth living.” We are supposed to know who exists. In Descartes view, the body is nothing else
we are and the virtues we are supposed to attain but a machine that is attached to the mind. The
in order to preserve souls afterlife. Socrates human person has it but it is not what makes man
thought that this is the worst thing that can a man, if all that is the mind. “But what then am I,
happen to anyone. To live but die inside. A thinking thing. It is a thing that doubts,
understands, affirms, denies, wills, refuses, that
Plato imagines and perceives.
- Socrates’s student, supported the idea that man is
a dual nature of body and soul. He added that David Hume
there are three components of the soul: The - A Scottish Philosopher, who believes that one can
rational soul, forged by reason and intellect, has to know only what comes from the senses and
govern the affairs of the human person,The experience. Empiricism is a school of thought that
spirited soul, the part which is in charge of espouses that knowledge can only be possible if it
emotions should be kept a t bay and The is sensed and experienced. According to Hume ,
appetitive soul. In charge of the base desires like experience can be categorized into two:
eating, drinking, sleeping and having sexual impressions and ideas. Impressions are the basic
intercourse is controlled as well. object of our experience or sensation. They
- In his work, The Republic, he emphasized that therefore form the core of our thoughts and are
justice in the human person can only be attained if vivid because they are the products of our direct
the three parts are working harmoniously . When experience in the world. Ideas are copies of
the ideal state is attained, a human person's soul impressions not as vivid and lively. Self, then is
is just and virtuous.Philosophy was said to have simply a bundle or collection of different
been born the very moment the first humans perceptions, which succeed each other. Self is just
began to experience such childlike wonders, a bundle of impressions.
allowing one to wander and wonder about one’s
human existence. Immanuel Kant
- Believed that what men perceive around them are
St. Augustine not just randomly infused into the human person
without an organizing principle that regulates the
- With the newfound doctrine of Christianity agreed
relationship of all these impressions.
that man is of bifurcated nature, that there is an
- Kant stressed that there is necessarily a mind that
aspect of man that dwells in the world, that is the
organizes the impressions that men get from the
imperfect and continuously yearns to be divine
external world. The apparatus of the mind goes
while the other is capable of reaching immortality.
to the self. Kant suggests that the self is an
- The body is bound to die on earth and the soul is
actively engaged intelligence in man that
to anticipate living eternally in a realm of spiritual
synthesizes all knowledge and experience.
bliss in communion with God. The goal of every
Thus , the self is not just what gives one his
human person is to attain this communion and
personality. It is also the seat of knowledge ,
bliss with the Divine by living his life on earth in
acquisition for all human persons.
virtue.
Thomas Aquinas
The Philosophical Self
- 13th century scholar and stalwart of Medieval
- Philosophy is commonly defined as the love of
Philosophy, said that indeed man is composed of
wisdom, but is essentially a special form of activity,
two parts: matter and form. Matter or “hyle” in
to philosophize. Articulo (2004) proposed that it is
Greek, refers to the common stuff that makes up
meant to be experienced, living and doing
everything in the universe. Man’s body is part of
philosophy. As an activity, Philosophy requires the
that matter. Form or “morphe” in Greek, refers to
cultivation of certain qualities in man, to wonder.
the essence of the substance or thing. It is what
- Philosophy was said to have been born the very
makes it what it is. What makes a human person a
moment the first humans began to experience
human person is his soul, his essence. To
such childlike wonders, allowing one to wander
Aquinas, The soul is what animates the body , it
and wonder about one’s human existence.
is what makes us humans.
Rene Descartes
he Self from Various Philosophical
T - Father of Modern Philosophy, conceived that the
Perspectives human person is having a body and a mind. The
only thing one cannot doubt is the existence of the
Socrates self. Thus, his famous cogito ergo sum or I think
- Greek thinker, the true task of a philosopher is to therefore I am, the fact that one thinks should lead
know oneself. He affirms that “the unexplained life one to conclude without a trace of doubt is that he
is not worth living.” We are supposed to know who exists. In Descartes view, the body is nothing else
we are and the virtues we are supposed to attain but a machine that is attached to the mind. The
in order to preserve souls afterlife. Socrates human person has it but it is not what makes man
thought that this is the worst thing that can a man, if all that is the mind. “But what then am I,
happen to anyone. To live but die inside. A thinking thing. It is a thing that doubts,
understands, affirms, denies, wills, refuses, that
Plato imagines and perceives.
- Socrates’s student, supported the idea that man is
a dual nature of body and soul. He added that David Hume
there are three components of the soul: The - A Scottish Philosopher, who believes that one can
rational soul, forged by reason and intellect, has to know only what comes from the senses and
govern the affairs of the human person,The experience. Empiricism is a school of thought that
spirited soul, the part which is in charge of espouses that knowledge can only be possible if it
emotions should be kept a t bay and The is sensed and experienced. According to Hume ,
appetitive soul. In charge of the base desires like experience can be categorized into two:
eating, drinking, sleeping and having sexual impressions and ideas. Impressions are the basic
intercourse is controlled as well. object of our experience or sensation. They
- In his work, The Republic, he emphasized that therefore form the core of our thoughts and are
justice in the human person can only be attained if vivid because they are the products of our direct
the three parts are working harmoniously . When experience in the world. Ideas are copies of
the ideal state is attained, a human person's soul impressions not as vivid and lively. Self, then is
is just and virtuous.Philosophy was said to have simply a bundle or collection of different
been born the very moment the first humans perceptions, which succeed each other. Self is just
began to experience such childlike wonders, a bundle of impressions.
allowing one to wander and wonder about one’s
human existence. Immanuel Kant
- Believed that what men perceive around them are
St. Augustine not just randomly infused into the human person
without an organizing principle that regulates the
- With the newfound doctrine of Christianity agreed
relationship of all these impressions.
that man is of bifurcated nature, that there is an
- Kant stressed that there is necessarily a mind that
aspect of man that dwells in the world, that is the
organizes the impressions that men get from the
imperfect and continuously yearns to be divine
external world. The apparatus of the mind goes
while the other is capable of reaching immortality.
to the self. Kant suggests that the self is an
- The body is bound to die on earth and the soul is
actively engaged intelligence in man that
to anticipate living eternally in a realm of spiritual
synthesizes all knowledge and experience.
bliss in communion with God. The goal of every
Thus , the self is not just what gives one his
human person is to attain this communion and
personality. It is also the seat of knowledge ,
bliss with the Divine by living his life on earth in
acquisition for all human persons.
virtue.
