Grade 9 Geography Review Sheet
Unit 1
Geography: is the study of Earth, landforms, people, culture and interactions
Geography 3 concepts- Physical (Landforms, and processes), Geomatics (methods and
techniques), Human (people and culture)
Etymology of Geography: Geo (Earth), graphy (the study of)
What is where + Why there + Why care = Geography
Place: Space plus meaning equals place.
Scene Sketch: A diagram or illustration created based on what a person can see in front of
them in their visual landscape
Mental Map: An illustration or diagram that is based on a person’s experience and memory that
features landmarks.
Cartography: the art and science of the creation and analysis of maps.
Spatiality: a person’s sense of space and location that is used to construct our geographical
imaginations.
Map: is an accurate pictorial representation of objects or features on the surface of Earth. (Map
making involves interpretation) *which things should be on the map and which shouldn’t
Must have: Title, Direction indicator (compass), scale, legend, labels, borders, authors, date,
source, Explanatory Text, Spatial context , balance
Choropleth Maps: a map that uses differences in shading, coloring, or the placing of symbols
within predefined areas to indicate the average values of a property or quantity in those areas.
Topographic Map: A topographic map is a detailed and accurate two-dimensional
representation of natural and human-made features on the Earth's surface
Scale: mathematical relationship that exists between the size of a real life object and the size of
the copied object.
*Scale is important because it’s not always possible to show something in its real size.*
Different Types Of Scales:
Word Scale: (Direct Statement)
- One centimetre represents ten kilometres
Line Scale: (Ruler)
- 0 [____] 20 km
`
, Representative Fraction (Ratio)
- 1:50 000
Other two options:
- “Scale Unknown”
- Sunway Direction Map (Cartogram) *Doesn’t give a scale
Latitude
- Lines of Latitude are paralleled (parallels of latitude)
- Starts at the equator (0°)
- The range is from (0° to 90°)
Longitude
- Not parallel lines, also called meridians (The top of Earth to bottom of Earth)
- Start at the Prime Meridian (0°) (Runs through greenwich, England)
- The range is from (0°-180°)
Local Grid Systems
1) Alphanumeric: Letters+Numbers
Pros: Easy to understand
Cons: Too simple, not accurate
2) 6 Figure Military Grid
Remember: Always Easting first then northing
Time zones
UTC: England (Coordinated Universal Time )
NST: Newfoundland standard time (30 mins)
AST: Atlantic standard time
EST: Eastern standard time
CST: Central standard time
MST: Mountain standard time
PST: Pacific standard time
Direction was determined by astronomical and other natural phenomena Ex: Sun/moon
(rising east, setting west) and stars
`
Unit 1
Geography: is the study of Earth, landforms, people, culture and interactions
Geography 3 concepts- Physical (Landforms, and processes), Geomatics (methods and
techniques), Human (people and culture)
Etymology of Geography: Geo (Earth), graphy (the study of)
What is where + Why there + Why care = Geography
Place: Space plus meaning equals place.
Scene Sketch: A diagram or illustration created based on what a person can see in front of
them in their visual landscape
Mental Map: An illustration or diagram that is based on a person’s experience and memory that
features landmarks.
Cartography: the art and science of the creation and analysis of maps.
Spatiality: a person’s sense of space and location that is used to construct our geographical
imaginations.
Map: is an accurate pictorial representation of objects or features on the surface of Earth. (Map
making involves interpretation) *which things should be on the map and which shouldn’t
Must have: Title, Direction indicator (compass), scale, legend, labels, borders, authors, date,
source, Explanatory Text, Spatial context , balance
Choropleth Maps: a map that uses differences in shading, coloring, or the placing of symbols
within predefined areas to indicate the average values of a property or quantity in those areas.
Topographic Map: A topographic map is a detailed and accurate two-dimensional
representation of natural and human-made features on the Earth's surface
Scale: mathematical relationship that exists between the size of a real life object and the size of
the copied object.
*Scale is important because it’s not always possible to show something in its real size.*
Different Types Of Scales:
Word Scale: (Direct Statement)
- One centimetre represents ten kilometres
Line Scale: (Ruler)
- 0 [____] 20 km
`
, Representative Fraction (Ratio)
- 1:50 000
Other two options:
- “Scale Unknown”
- Sunway Direction Map (Cartogram) *Doesn’t give a scale
Latitude
- Lines of Latitude are paralleled (parallels of latitude)
- Starts at the equator (0°)
- The range is from (0° to 90°)
Longitude
- Not parallel lines, also called meridians (The top of Earth to bottom of Earth)
- Start at the Prime Meridian (0°) (Runs through greenwich, England)
- The range is from (0°-180°)
Local Grid Systems
1) Alphanumeric: Letters+Numbers
Pros: Easy to understand
Cons: Too simple, not accurate
2) 6 Figure Military Grid
Remember: Always Easting first then northing
Time zones
UTC: England (Coordinated Universal Time )
NST: Newfoundland standard time (30 mins)
AST: Atlantic standard time
EST: Eastern standard time
CST: Central standard time
MST: Mountain standard time
PST: Pacific standard time
Direction was determined by astronomical and other natural phenomena Ex: Sun/moon
(rising east, setting west) and stars
`
