LECTURE NOTE
ENGINEERING
SURVEYING
Under revision
, ENGG. SURVEYING
Module –I (10 Hrs)
1. Concept of Surveying- Definition of surveying, Classification, Principle,
Accuracy
2. Linear Measurement- Different methods of direct measurement instrument for
chaining, Ranging, Chaining on uneven slopping ground, Errors in Chaining,
Corrections.
3. Chain Surveying – Chain triangulation, Survey stn., lines, locating ground
features, field work, instruments for setting out basic problems in chaining,
obstacles in chaining
Module –II (10 Hrs)
4. Compass Surveying – Principles use of Prismatic Compass, Measurement of
bearings, Conversion of bearings, Local attraction, Correction of compass
traverse.
5. Plane Table Survey- Principles, Advantages and disadvantages, Equipment,
Accessories and their uses. Methods of plane table survey. Two point and three
point problems.
Module –III (10 Hrs)
6. Levelling- Types of levelling and their uses, Permanent adjustment, Curvature
and refraction effects.
7. Contouring-Characteristics and uses of contours. Methods of contouring.
Module –IV (10 Hrs)
8. Theodolite Survey – Application in Height and distance measurements.
Permanent adjustment of transit theodolite, methods of repetitions and
reiterations.
9. Curve Setting – Simple circular curve setting by chain, tape & theodolite
10. Minor Survey Instruments – Box-sextant, Planimeter, Pantagraph, their working
principles and uses.
Reference Books:
1. Surveying & Levelling – Kanetkar & Kulkarni, Vol.-I, Pune Vidyarthi Griha
Prakashan.
2. Surveying – Punmia, Vol. – I, Laxmi Publication.
3. Surveying – S.K. Duggal, Tata McGraw Hill
Under revision
, Disclaimer
This document does not claim any originality and cannot be used as a substitute for
prescribed textbooks. The information presented here is merely a collection by the
committee members for their respective teaching assignments. We would like to
acknowledge various sources like freely available materials from internet from which
the lecture note was prepared. The ownership of the information lies with the respective
authors or institutions. Further, this document is not intended to be used for commercial
purpose and the committee members are not accountable for any issues, legal or
otherwise, arising out of use of this document. The committee members make no
representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the
contents of this document and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of
merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
Under revision
, LECTURE 1
Introduction:
• Surveying is defined as “taking a general view of, by observation and
measurement determining the boundaries, size, position, quantity, condition,
value etc. of land, estates, building, farms mines etc. and finally presenting the
survey data in a suitable form”. This covers the work of the valuation surveyor,
the quantity surveyor, the building surveyor, the mining surveyor and so forth, as
well as the land surveyor.
• Another school of thought define surveying “as the act of making measurement
of the relative position of natural and manmade features on earth’s surface and
the presentation of this information either graphically or numerically.
The process of surveying is therefore in three stages namely:
(i) Taking a general view
This part of the definition is important as it indicates the need to obtain an overall
picture of what is required before any type of survey work is undertaken. In land
surveying, this is achieved during the reconnaissance study.
(ii) Observation and Measurement
This part of the definition denotes the next stage of any survey, which in land
surveying constitutes the measurement to determine the relative position and
sizes of natural and artificial features on the land.
(iii) Presentation of Data:
The data collected in any survey must be presented in a form which allows the
information to be clearly interpreted and understood by others. This presentation
may take the form of written report, bills of quantities, datasheets, drawings and
in land surveying maps and plan showing the features on the land.
Types of Surveying
On the basis of whether the curvature of the earth is taken into account or not,surveying
can be divided into two main categories:
Plane surveying: is the type of surveying where the mean surface of the earth is
considered as a plane. All angles are considered to be plane angles. For small areas
less than 250 km2 plane surveying can safely be used. For most engineering projects
such as canal, railway, highway, building, pipeline, etc constructions, this type of
surveying is used. It is worth noting that the difference between an arc distance of 18.5
km and the subtended chord lying in the earth’s surface is 7mm. Also the sum of the
angles of a plane triangle and the sum of the angles in a spherical triangle differ by 1
second for a triangle on the earth’s surface having an area of 196 km2.
Under revision
ENGINEERING
SURVEYING
Under revision
, ENGG. SURVEYING
Module –I (10 Hrs)
1. Concept of Surveying- Definition of surveying, Classification, Principle,
Accuracy
2. Linear Measurement- Different methods of direct measurement instrument for
chaining, Ranging, Chaining on uneven slopping ground, Errors in Chaining,
Corrections.
3. Chain Surveying – Chain triangulation, Survey stn., lines, locating ground
features, field work, instruments for setting out basic problems in chaining,
obstacles in chaining
Module –II (10 Hrs)
4. Compass Surveying – Principles use of Prismatic Compass, Measurement of
bearings, Conversion of bearings, Local attraction, Correction of compass
traverse.
5. Plane Table Survey- Principles, Advantages and disadvantages, Equipment,
Accessories and their uses. Methods of plane table survey. Two point and three
point problems.
Module –III (10 Hrs)
6. Levelling- Types of levelling and their uses, Permanent adjustment, Curvature
and refraction effects.
7. Contouring-Characteristics and uses of contours. Methods of contouring.
Module –IV (10 Hrs)
8. Theodolite Survey – Application in Height and distance measurements.
Permanent adjustment of transit theodolite, methods of repetitions and
reiterations.
9. Curve Setting – Simple circular curve setting by chain, tape & theodolite
10. Minor Survey Instruments – Box-sextant, Planimeter, Pantagraph, their working
principles and uses.
Reference Books:
1. Surveying & Levelling – Kanetkar & Kulkarni, Vol.-I, Pune Vidyarthi Griha
Prakashan.
2. Surveying – Punmia, Vol. – I, Laxmi Publication.
3. Surveying – S.K. Duggal, Tata McGraw Hill
Under revision
, Disclaimer
This document does not claim any originality and cannot be used as a substitute for
prescribed textbooks. The information presented here is merely a collection by the
committee members for their respective teaching assignments. We would like to
acknowledge various sources like freely available materials from internet from which
the lecture note was prepared. The ownership of the information lies with the respective
authors or institutions. Further, this document is not intended to be used for commercial
purpose and the committee members are not accountable for any issues, legal or
otherwise, arising out of use of this document. The committee members make no
representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the
contents of this document and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of
merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
Under revision
, LECTURE 1
Introduction:
• Surveying is defined as “taking a general view of, by observation and
measurement determining the boundaries, size, position, quantity, condition,
value etc. of land, estates, building, farms mines etc. and finally presenting the
survey data in a suitable form”. This covers the work of the valuation surveyor,
the quantity surveyor, the building surveyor, the mining surveyor and so forth, as
well as the land surveyor.
• Another school of thought define surveying “as the act of making measurement
of the relative position of natural and manmade features on earth’s surface and
the presentation of this information either graphically or numerically.
The process of surveying is therefore in three stages namely:
(i) Taking a general view
This part of the definition is important as it indicates the need to obtain an overall
picture of what is required before any type of survey work is undertaken. In land
surveying, this is achieved during the reconnaissance study.
(ii) Observation and Measurement
This part of the definition denotes the next stage of any survey, which in land
surveying constitutes the measurement to determine the relative position and
sizes of natural and artificial features on the land.
(iii) Presentation of Data:
The data collected in any survey must be presented in a form which allows the
information to be clearly interpreted and understood by others. This presentation
may take the form of written report, bills of quantities, datasheets, drawings and
in land surveying maps and plan showing the features on the land.
Types of Surveying
On the basis of whether the curvature of the earth is taken into account or not,surveying
can be divided into two main categories:
Plane surveying: is the type of surveying where the mean surface of the earth is
considered as a plane. All angles are considered to be plane angles. For small areas
less than 250 km2 plane surveying can safely be used. For most engineering projects
such as canal, railway, highway, building, pipeline, etc constructions, this type of
surveying is used. It is worth noting that the difference between an arc distance of 18.5
km and the subtended chord lying in the earth’s surface is 7mm. Also the sum of the
angles of a plane triangle and the sum of the angles in a spherical triangle differ by 1
second for a triangle on the earth’s surface having an area of 196 km2.
Under revision
