INDEX
A Concrete sheet piles
Cost of formwork
Appliances for lifting
Curing of concrete
stones
Curved roofs
Ashlar masonry
B D
Damp proofing
Bearing power of soil
Dead load
Black cotton soil
Doors and windows
Bonds in brickwork
Double roofs
Brick masonry Drainage of pitched and flat
Brick Partitions roofs
Built-up sections Dressing of stone surfaces
Bulking of sand
Buttresses
E
Earth rammers
Effects of dampness
C
External finishes
Causes of dampness
Cavity walls
Cement concrete F
construction
Fire protection in buildings
Cement concrete piles
Fire protection systems
Composite floors
Floors and floorings
Composite masonry
Footings
Concrete mixers
Formwork
,Foundations for machines Methods of sound
Framed structures insulation
Methods of timbering
G
Grading of aggregates O
Grillage foundations Objects of foundations
Group of piles Ornamental brickwork
Guniting
P
I Partitions
Increasing the bearing Piers
power of soil Pile foundations
Pile hammers
J Pitched roofs
Joints in stone masonry Plastering
Junctions Pointed arch
Pointing
K Pre-cast concrete
King-post truss Proportioning concrete
Purlin roofs
L
Lightweight concrete Q
Live load Quality control of concrete
Load bearing piles Queen-post truss
Loads on foundations Quoins
R
M Raft foundations
Method of dropping a Reinforced brickwork
weight Retaining walls
Methods of damp-proofing
,Roof coverings for pitched U
roofs
Uses of piles
Roofs
Rooter
V
Round bars
Ventilation
Rubble masonry
Ventilators in pitched roofs
S Vibrators
Sand piles
W
Scaffolding
Wall paper
Screw piles
Water-cement ratio
Shoring
Water proofing of flat roofs
Single roofs
Wedges
Stairs
Wells
Stone masonry
Window sills
Structures in brickwork
Workability
T
Z
Timber floors
Zig-zag Bond
Timber piles
Timber sheet piles
Tools used in brick
masonry
Tools used in stone
masonry
Trussed roofs
Types of floorings
, Stones Page 1
CHAPTER-1
STONES
1.0 Introduction:
All the building structures are composed of different
types of materials. These materials are either called building
materials or materials of construction. It is very essential for a
builder, may be an architecture or engineer or contractor, to
become conversant thoroughly with these building materials.
The knowledge of different types of material, their properties
and uses for different purposes provides and important tool in
the hands of the builders in achieving economy in material
cost. The material cost in a building ranges 30 to 50 percent
cost of total cost construction. In addition to material
economy, the correct use of material results in better
structural strength, functional efficiency and esthetic
appearance
1.1 Classification of Rocks:
Building stones are obtained from rocks occurring in
nature and classified in three ways.
1. Geological classification
2. Physical classification
3. Chemical classification
I. Geological Classification:
According to this classification, the rocks are of the
following types.
A Concrete sheet piles
Cost of formwork
Appliances for lifting
Curing of concrete
stones
Curved roofs
Ashlar masonry
B D
Damp proofing
Bearing power of soil
Dead load
Black cotton soil
Doors and windows
Bonds in brickwork
Double roofs
Brick masonry Drainage of pitched and flat
Brick Partitions roofs
Built-up sections Dressing of stone surfaces
Bulking of sand
Buttresses
E
Earth rammers
Effects of dampness
C
External finishes
Causes of dampness
Cavity walls
Cement concrete F
construction
Fire protection in buildings
Cement concrete piles
Fire protection systems
Composite floors
Floors and floorings
Composite masonry
Footings
Concrete mixers
Formwork
,Foundations for machines Methods of sound
Framed structures insulation
Methods of timbering
G
Grading of aggregates O
Grillage foundations Objects of foundations
Group of piles Ornamental brickwork
Guniting
P
I Partitions
Increasing the bearing Piers
power of soil Pile foundations
Pile hammers
J Pitched roofs
Joints in stone masonry Plastering
Junctions Pointed arch
Pointing
K Pre-cast concrete
King-post truss Proportioning concrete
Purlin roofs
L
Lightweight concrete Q
Live load Quality control of concrete
Load bearing piles Queen-post truss
Loads on foundations Quoins
R
M Raft foundations
Method of dropping a Reinforced brickwork
weight Retaining walls
Methods of damp-proofing
,Roof coverings for pitched U
roofs
Uses of piles
Roofs
Rooter
V
Round bars
Ventilation
Rubble masonry
Ventilators in pitched roofs
S Vibrators
Sand piles
W
Scaffolding
Wall paper
Screw piles
Water-cement ratio
Shoring
Water proofing of flat roofs
Single roofs
Wedges
Stairs
Wells
Stone masonry
Window sills
Structures in brickwork
Workability
T
Z
Timber floors
Zig-zag Bond
Timber piles
Timber sheet piles
Tools used in brick
masonry
Tools used in stone
masonry
Trussed roofs
Types of floorings
, Stones Page 1
CHAPTER-1
STONES
1.0 Introduction:
All the building structures are composed of different
types of materials. These materials are either called building
materials or materials of construction. It is very essential for a
builder, may be an architecture or engineer or contractor, to
become conversant thoroughly with these building materials.
The knowledge of different types of material, their properties
and uses for different purposes provides and important tool in
the hands of the builders in achieving economy in material
cost. The material cost in a building ranges 30 to 50 percent
cost of total cost construction. In addition to material
economy, the correct use of material results in better
structural strength, functional efficiency and esthetic
appearance
1.1 Classification of Rocks:
Building stones are obtained from rocks occurring in
nature and classified in three ways.
1. Geological classification
2. Physical classification
3. Chemical classification
I. Geological Classification:
According to this classification, the rocks are of the
following types.
