Comparative anatomy of
respiratory system in
vertebrates
Made by-Mehak Mattoo
Roll. No- 19HZ7012
Submitted to- Dr .Anina James
, INTRODUCTION
Respiration is the process of obtaining oxygen from the external environment &
eliminating CO2.
External respiration - oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged between the
external environment & the body cells
Internal respiration - cells use oxygen for ATP production (& produce carbon
dioxide in the process
The respiratory systems from different groups of animals, although
morphologically different, have in common the following characteristics: they
have a large capillary network, the gas exchange surfaces are thin and moist;
constant renewal of oxygen-rich fluid (air or water) order to provide oxygen and
remove carbon dioxide; free movement of blood within the capillary network .
Respiration is carried out by cutaneous diffusion (earthworm and some amphibians
by thin tubes called tracheae (some insects); by gills, the respiratory system of fish
or 4) by diffusion through the lungs, respiratory organs present in amphibians,
reptiles, birds and mammals.
The basic necessities of any respiratory organ:
1. The respiratory organs must be thin walled so that there is easy diffusion of
gases
2. It must be richly supplied with blood enable exchange of gases
3. It should have large area for contraction and expansion.
respiratory system in
vertebrates
Made by-Mehak Mattoo
Roll. No- 19HZ7012
Submitted to- Dr .Anina James
, INTRODUCTION
Respiration is the process of obtaining oxygen from the external environment &
eliminating CO2.
External respiration - oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged between the
external environment & the body cells
Internal respiration - cells use oxygen for ATP production (& produce carbon
dioxide in the process
The respiratory systems from different groups of animals, although
morphologically different, have in common the following characteristics: they
have a large capillary network, the gas exchange surfaces are thin and moist;
constant renewal of oxygen-rich fluid (air or water) order to provide oxygen and
remove carbon dioxide; free movement of blood within the capillary network .
Respiration is carried out by cutaneous diffusion (earthworm and some amphibians
by thin tubes called tracheae (some insects); by gills, the respiratory system of fish
or 4) by diffusion through the lungs, respiratory organs present in amphibians,
reptiles, birds and mammals.
The basic necessities of any respiratory organ:
1. The respiratory organs must be thin walled so that there is easy diffusion of
gases
2. It must be richly supplied with blood enable exchange of gases
3. It should have large area for contraction and expansion.
