Prep. By: Huzaifa Khan
UNIT 4:NEW TRENDS IN EXAMINATION.
CONTINUOUS AND COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION (CCE) SYSTEM
Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) system was introduced
by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) in India to assess all
aspects of a student’s development on a continuous basis throughout the
year. The assessment covers both scholastic subjects as well as co-
scholastic areas such as performance in sports, art, music, dance, drama,
and other cultural activities and social qualities.
Evaluation of Scholastic Areas
Scholastic subjects are assessed using two modes: Formative Assessment
(FA) and Summative Assessment (SA). Formative Assessment usually
comprises of Class Tests, Homework, Quizzes, Projects, and Assignments
directed throughout the year. Summative Assessment measures how much
a student has learnt from the class through an examination/test conducted
at the end of a term.
For institutions following the CCE grading system, typically an academic
year is divided into two terms. Each term will have two FAs and one SAs.
The weightage allotted to each term and assessment is as follows.
Term 1 Term 2
FA1 FA2 SA1 FA3 FA4 SA2
Weightage 10% 10% 30% 10% 10% 30%
Term Weightage FA1+FA2+SA1=50% FA3+FA4+SA2=50%
Total: Formative Assessments (FA) = FA1+FA2+ FA3+FA4 = 40%
Summative Assessments (SA) = SA1+SA2 = 60%
Scholastic Assessment grades are generally given on a 9 point grading
scale.
Evaluation of Co-Scholastic Areas
Co-Scholastic areas are assessed using multiple techniques on the basis of
specific criteria. Assessment of co-scholastic areas are done at the end of
the year, and grades are generally given on a 5 point grading scale.
Outcome, results and effect
Page:1
, Prep. By: Huzaifa Khan
The outcome of the CCE system at the initial level varies. Though
most of the schools implemented it quickly, teachers and students who
were accustomed to the older system of evaluation and examination faced
difficulties coping with the changes. The main aim of CCE is to reduce
pressure on students who are unable to effectively participate in the
educational system and leave it dejected and with low self-confidence.
However, the system has also been criticised for focussing more on projects
and activities than actual learning. Critics also state that students' workload
has not actually gone down because even though exams have been reduced,
stressed students wrestle with projects and oral tests all the year round.
Students are required to participate in activities even if the syllabus is not
covered. Despite these criticisms, the outcomes of this system were
projected to be better that the rote learning of the previous system, which
placed an undue emphasis on memory and facts instead of understanding
and creating a learning environment.
CBCS(CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS))
Majority of Indian higher education institutions have been following
marks or percentage based evaluation system, which obstructs the
flexibility for the students to study the subjects/courses of their choice and
their mobility to different institutions. There is need to allow the flexibility
in education system, so that students depending upon their interests and
aims can choose interdisciplinary, intra-disciplinary and skill-based
courses. This can only be possible when choice based credit system (CBCS),
an internationally acknowledged system, is adopted.
The choice based credit system not only offers opportunities and
avenues to learn core subjects but also exploring additional avenues of
learning beyond the core subjects for holistic development of an individual.
The CBCS will undoubtedly facilitate us bench mark our courses with best
international academic practices. The CBCS has more advantages than
disadvantages. Advantages of the choice based credit system: Shift in focus
from the teacher-centric to student-centric education. Student may
undertake as many credits as they can cope with (without repeating all
courses in a given semester if they fail in one/more courses). CBCS allows
students to choose inter-disciplinary, intra-disciplinary courses, skill
Page:2
, Prep. By: Huzaifa Khan
oriented papers (even from other disciplines according to their learning
needs, interests and aptitude) and more flexibility for students).
CBCS makes education broad-based and at par with global standards.
One can take credits by combining unique combinations. For example,
Physics with Economics, Microbiology with Chemistry or Environment
Science etc. CBCS offers flexibility for students to study at different times
and at different institutions to complete one course (ease mobility of
students). Credits earned at one institution can be transferred.
Disadvantages: Difficult to estimate the exact marks Workload of teachers
may fluctuate Demand good infrastructure for dissemination of education
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS): The CBCS provides an
opportunity for the students to choose courses from the prescribed courses
comprising core, elective/minor or skill based courses. The courses can be
evaluated following the grading system, which is considered to be better
than the conventional marks system. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce
uniform grading system in the entire higher education in India. This will
benefit the students to move across institutions within India to begin with
and across countries. The uniform grading system will also enable potential
employers in assessing the performance of the candidates. In order to bring
uniformity in evaluation system and computation of the Cumulative Grade
Point Average (CGPA) based on student’s performance in examinations, the
UGC has formulated the guidelines to be followed.
Outline of Choice Based Credit System:
1. Core Course: A course, which should compulsorily be studied by a
candidate as a core requirement is termed as a Core course.
2. Elective Course: Generally a course which can be chosen from a pool of
courses and which may be very specific or specialized or advanced or
supportive to the discipline/ subject of study or which provides an
extended scope or which enables an exposure to some other
discipline/subject/domain or nurtures the candidate’s proficiency/skill is
called an Elective Course.
2.1 Discipline Specific Elective (DSE) Course: Elective courses may be
offered by the main discipline/subject of study is referred to as Discipline
Specific Elective. The University/Institute may also offer discipline related
Page:3
UNIT 4:NEW TRENDS IN EXAMINATION.
CONTINUOUS AND COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION (CCE) SYSTEM
Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) system was introduced
by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) in India to assess all
aspects of a student’s development on a continuous basis throughout the
year. The assessment covers both scholastic subjects as well as co-
scholastic areas such as performance in sports, art, music, dance, drama,
and other cultural activities and social qualities.
Evaluation of Scholastic Areas
Scholastic subjects are assessed using two modes: Formative Assessment
(FA) and Summative Assessment (SA). Formative Assessment usually
comprises of Class Tests, Homework, Quizzes, Projects, and Assignments
directed throughout the year. Summative Assessment measures how much
a student has learnt from the class through an examination/test conducted
at the end of a term.
For institutions following the CCE grading system, typically an academic
year is divided into two terms. Each term will have two FAs and one SAs.
The weightage allotted to each term and assessment is as follows.
Term 1 Term 2
FA1 FA2 SA1 FA3 FA4 SA2
Weightage 10% 10% 30% 10% 10% 30%
Term Weightage FA1+FA2+SA1=50% FA3+FA4+SA2=50%
Total: Formative Assessments (FA) = FA1+FA2+ FA3+FA4 = 40%
Summative Assessments (SA) = SA1+SA2 = 60%
Scholastic Assessment grades are generally given on a 9 point grading
scale.
Evaluation of Co-Scholastic Areas
Co-Scholastic areas are assessed using multiple techniques on the basis of
specific criteria. Assessment of co-scholastic areas are done at the end of
the year, and grades are generally given on a 5 point grading scale.
Outcome, results and effect
Page:1
, Prep. By: Huzaifa Khan
The outcome of the CCE system at the initial level varies. Though
most of the schools implemented it quickly, teachers and students who
were accustomed to the older system of evaluation and examination faced
difficulties coping with the changes. The main aim of CCE is to reduce
pressure on students who are unable to effectively participate in the
educational system and leave it dejected and with low self-confidence.
However, the system has also been criticised for focussing more on projects
and activities than actual learning. Critics also state that students' workload
has not actually gone down because even though exams have been reduced,
stressed students wrestle with projects and oral tests all the year round.
Students are required to participate in activities even if the syllabus is not
covered. Despite these criticisms, the outcomes of this system were
projected to be better that the rote learning of the previous system, which
placed an undue emphasis on memory and facts instead of understanding
and creating a learning environment.
CBCS(CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS))
Majority of Indian higher education institutions have been following
marks or percentage based evaluation system, which obstructs the
flexibility for the students to study the subjects/courses of their choice and
their mobility to different institutions. There is need to allow the flexibility
in education system, so that students depending upon their interests and
aims can choose interdisciplinary, intra-disciplinary and skill-based
courses. This can only be possible when choice based credit system (CBCS),
an internationally acknowledged system, is adopted.
The choice based credit system not only offers opportunities and
avenues to learn core subjects but also exploring additional avenues of
learning beyond the core subjects for holistic development of an individual.
The CBCS will undoubtedly facilitate us bench mark our courses with best
international academic practices. The CBCS has more advantages than
disadvantages. Advantages of the choice based credit system: Shift in focus
from the teacher-centric to student-centric education. Student may
undertake as many credits as they can cope with (without repeating all
courses in a given semester if they fail in one/more courses). CBCS allows
students to choose inter-disciplinary, intra-disciplinary courses, skill
Page:2
, Prep. By: Huzaifa Khan
oriented papers (even from other disciplines according to their learning
needs, interests and aptitude) and more flexibility for students).
CBCS makes education broad-based and at par with global standards.
One can take credits by combining unique combinations. For example,
Physics with Economics, Microbiology with Chemistry or Environment
Science etc. CBCS offers flexibility for students to study at different times
and at different institutions to complete one course (ease mobility of
students). Credits earned at one institution can be transferred.
Disadvantages: Difficult to estimate the exact marks Workload of teachers
may fluctuate Demand good infrastructure for dissemination of education
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS): The CBCS provides an
opportunity for the students to choose courses from the prescribed courses
comprising core, elective/minor or skill based courses. The courses can be
evaluated following the grading system, which is considered to be better
than the conventional marks system. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce
uniform grading system in the entire higher education in India. This will
benefit the students to move across institutions within India to begin with
and across countries. The uniform grading system will also enable potential
employers in assessing the performance of the candidates. In order to bring
uniformity in evaluation system and computation of the Cumulative Grade
Point Average (CGPA) based on student’s performance in examinations, the
UGC has formulated the guidelines to be followed.
Outline of Choice Based Credit System:
1. Core Course: A course, which should compulsorily be studied by a
candidate as a core requirement is termed as a Core course.
2. Elective Course: Generally a course which can be chosen from a pool of
courses and which may be very specific or specialized or advanced or
supportive to the discipline/ subject of study or which provides an
extended scope or which enables an exposure to some other
discipline/subject/domain or nurtures the candidate’s proficiency/skill is
called an Elective Course.
2.1 Discipline Specific Elective (DSE) Course: Elective courses may be
offered by the main discipline/subject of study is referred to as Discipline
Specific Elective. The University/Institute may also offer discipline related
Page:3
