Exam 4 Review
Blueprint
Gastrointestinal: 18-20 Renal: 18-20 Infection/Skin: 10
Unit 8: GI
-Bowel Obstruction: 1 Question
-Inflammation/Bowel Diseases: 6 Questions
-IBS
-Diverticulitis
-Crohns Disease
-Ulcerative colitis
-Nutrition: 4 Questions
-TPN
-G Tube
-NG Tube
-Feeding
-GERD and Hiatal Hernia: 2 Questions
-Peptic Ulcer Disease: 2 Questions
-GI Exams: 1 Question
-Cholelithesis: 1 Question
-Appendicitis/Peritonitis: 4 Questions
-Hepatitis: 1 Question
Unit 9: Renal
-Prostate Surgeries: 3 Questions
-UTI: 1 Question
-BPH: 2 Questions
- Urinary Incontinence: 2 Questions
-Renal Calculi: 2 Questions
-GU Examination: 1 Question
-PKD: 1 Question
-Pyelonephritis: 1 Question
-Glomerulonephritis: 3 Questions
Unit 10: Infection/Skin
-Infection control/Allergic Response: 4 Questions
-Skin Cancer: 1 Question
-Full Thickness Wound: 1 Question
-Pressure Ulcer: 3 Questions
-Ulceritis*: 2 Questions
-Skin Disorders: 1 Question
,Review Exam 4
Unit 8: Gastrointestinal:
-Functions: Digestion, absorption and motility of GI secretions and elimination
-Assessment:
-Auscultate bowel sounds
-Look at patients abdomens
-Palpate
-Tender, distended
-Ask about bowel habits
-Last BM?
-What did it look like?
-Easy passage?
-Color?
-Clay-like?
-1-2 is normal
-Swallowing
-Regurgitation
-Nutrition
-Gain/loss weight.
-Losing more than 5% of weight in 30 days can lead to malnutrition
-Exams
-CT of abdomen
-Allergies? Iodine and shellfish
-Past medical history (Asthma)
-Medications (Diabetic—metformin may need to reschedule intake)
-Make sure IV is working properly
-Renal function
-BUN/Creatinine. Elevation of these can lead to renal issues
-EGD/Colonoscopy
-Mouth to Gut/Rectum to small intestine
-Bowel prep to be able to see with scope
-Clear liquid diet
-NPO after midnight
-Conscious sedation
-After procedure:
-Check gag reflex
-Watch for N/V: Bright red blood could mean perforation during the
scope
-ERCP
-Passes through common bile duct. Done in patients with pancreas issues and
gall bladder patients
-Will need to be NPO
-After: Check gag reflex, Outpatient—monitor until conscious and ready to
leave. Teach at discharge that they should not experience any pain after. If
pain occurs, call their HCP ASAP.
, -Liver biopsy
-Hepatitis pt
-Removes tissue from the liver to assess
-During: Lay on left side
-After: lay on right side
-Check coags before and after
-Avoid coughing or straining
-GERD/ Hiatal Hernia
-GI contents that move up, not down, due to a weakened sphincter
-R/F: Obesity, pregnancy
-Pt complains of upper gastric pain, burning, regurgitation
-Interventions:
-Losing weight
-No vigorous exercise
-Will be on PPI and antacids (In AM)
-Lay on their right side in bed
-Keep head elevated
-Check for regurgitation (aspiration is possible)
-No food before bedtime—if close to bedtime, wait before laying down.
-No tight clothes
-No heavy lifting
-Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
-Ulcer/lesion in the stomach or the duodenum
-Causes: Smoking, NSAIDS, stress.
-H. Pylori is the most notable (Causes ulcer in the gastrostomy)
-Diagnosis: EGD
-Nursing interventions:
-Soft/bland food diet
-PPI
-GI Bleeding (NGT to suction the blood)
-Assess patient
-For peritonitis (will have a rigid, board-like abdomen and will be pain at
touch/palpation).
-IV Fluids
-Packed RBC (if bleeding)
-Check stool for blood
-Gastroectomy may be needed
-To decrease acid production
-Complications: Electrolyte Imbalance due to meds getting absorbed in the
gut. The most notable is Potassium
-Dumping syndrome: Food dumped into the small intestine leading to less
absorption time.
-Pulls fluid from circulation system to intestine to absorb food
-Pt becomes hypovolemic (after 30 mins) and will display signs of
tachycardia, pallor, and have issues with hyperglycemia.)
-Interventions: Lay pt flat to slow down motility and call the doctor
Blueprint
Gastrointestinal: 18-20 Renal: 18-20 Infection/Skin: 10
Unit 8: GI
-Bowel Obstruction: 1 Question
-Inflammation/Bowel Diseases: 6 Questions
-IBS
-Diverticulitis
-Crohns Disease
-Ulcerative colitis
-Nutrition: 4 Questions
-TPN
-G Tube
-NG Tube
-Feeding
-GERD and Hiatal Hernia: 2 Questions
-Peptic Ulcer Disease: 2 Questions
-GI Exams: 1 Question
-Cholelithesis: 1 Question
-Appendicitis/Peritonitis: 4 Questions
-Hepatitis: 1 Question
Unit 9: Renal
-Prostate Surgeries: 3 Questions
-UTI: 1 Question
-BPH: 2 Questions
- Urinary Incontinence: 2 Questions
-Renal Calculi: 2 Questions
-GU Examination: 1 Question
-PKD: 1 Question
-Pyelonephritis: 1 Question
-Glomerulonephritis: 3 Questions
Unit 10: Infection/Skin
-Infection control/Allergic Response: 4 Questions
-Skin Cancer: 1 Question
-Full Thickness Wound: 1 Question
-Pressure Ulcer: 3 Questions
-Ulceritis*: 2 Questions
-Skin Disorders: 1 Question
,Review Exam 4
Unit 8: Gastrointestinal:
-Functions: Digestion, absorption and motility of GI secretions and elimination
-Assessment:
-Auscultate bowel sounds
-Look at patients abdomens
-Palpate
-Tender, distended
-Ask about bowel habits
-Last BM?
-What did it look like?
-Easy passage?
-Color?
-Clay-like?
-1-2 is normal
-Swallowing
-Regurgitation
-Nutrition
-Gain/loss weight.
-Losing more than 5% of weight in 30 days can lead to malnutrition
-Exams
-CT of abdomen
-Allergies? Iodine and shellfish
-Past medical history (Asthma)
-Medications (Diabetic—metformin may need to reschedule intake)
-Make sure IV is working properly
-Renal function
-BUN/Creatinine. Elevation of these can lead to renal issues
-EGD/Colonoscopy
-Mouth to Gut/Rectum to small intestine
-Bowel prep to be able to see with scope
-Clear liquid diet
-NPO after midnight
-Conscious sedation
-After procedure:
-Check gag reflex
-Watch for N/V: Bright red blood could mean perforation during the
scope
-ERCP
-Passes through common bile duct. Done in patients with pancreas issues and
gall bladder patients
-Will need to be NPO
-After: Check gag reflex, Outpatient—monitor until conscious and ready to
leave. Teach at discharge that they should not experience any pain after. If
pain occurs, call their HCP ASAP.
, -Liver biopsy
-Hepatitis pt
-Removes tissue from the liver to assess
-During: Lay on left side
-After: lay on right side
-Check coags before and after
-Avoid coughing or straining
-GERD/ Hiatal Hernia
-GI contents that move up, not down, due to a weakened sphincter
-R/F: Obesity, pregnancy
-Pt complains of upper gastric pain, burning, regurgitation
-Interventions:
-Losing weight
-No vigorous exercise
-Will be on PPI and antacids (In AM)
-Lay on their right side in bed
-Keep head elevated
-Check for regurgitation (aspiration is possible)
-No food before bedtime—if close to bedtime, wait before laying down.
-No tight clothes
-No heavy lifting
-Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
-Ulcer/lesion in the stomach or the duodenum
-Causes: Smoking, NSAIDS, stress.
-H. Pylori is the most notable (Causes ulcer in the gastrostomy)
-Diagnosis: EGD
-Nursing interventions:
-Soft/bland food diet
-PPI
-GI Bleeding (NGT to suction the blood)
-Assess patient
-For peritonitis (will have a rigid, board-like abdomen and will be pain at
touch/palpation).
-IV Fluids
-Packed RBC (if bleeding)
-Check stool for blood
-Gastroectomy may be needed
-To decrease acid production
-Complications: Electrolyte Imbalance due to meds getting absorbed in the
gut. The most notable is Potassium
-Dumping syndrome: Food dumped into the small intestine leading to less
absorption time.
-Pulls fluid from circulation system to intestine to absorb food
-Pt becomes hypovolemic (after 30 mins) and will display signs of
tachycardia, pallor, and have issues with hyperglycemia.)
-Interventions: Lay pt flat to slow down motility and call the doctor
