Bio 212 Course Notes – Exam 5
Ch 49-50 – Endocrine Disorders
Ch 18-24 – Neural and Sensory Disorders
Ch 52, 54, 55 – Reproductive System Disorders
**Review Ch 48 for normal structure and function of the endocrine system
Ch 49 – Endocrine Disorders
Pituitary disorders
Hypopituitarism – decreased secretion of pituitary hormones
Many etiologies
70-90% of the anterior pituitary must be destroyed before symptoms occur
Manifestations (general): chronically unfit, weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite,
impairment of sexual function, cold intolerance
o ACTH – most serious – weakness, nausea, anorexia, fever, postural hypotension
Progressive loss of function: Go Look For The Adenoma
Treatment – determine underlying cause and treat, hormone replacement as needed
Thyroid disorders
Hypothyroidism – underactive thyroid gland
Goiter
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Myxedematous coma
Hyperthyroidism – underactive thyroid gland
Grave’s disease
Thyroid storm
,Adrenal cortex disorders
Addison disease – primary adrenal insufficiency caused by destruction of the adrenal glands
Manifestations:
o Hyponatremia
o Decreased CO
o Hyperkalemia
o Orthostatic hypotension
o Dehydration
o Weakness, fatigue
o Hypoglycemia
o Anorexia, vomiting, weight loss
o Hyperpigmentation
Treatment: hormone replacement, watch for hyponatremia and hypoglycemia
Cushing syndrome – hypercortisolism
Three forms: pituitary (Cushing disease), adrenal, ectopic
Manifestations- exaggerations of cortisol
o Round moon face
o Fat pads on the back (buffalo hump)
o Hypertension cardiac hypertrophy
o Thin, wrinkled skin
o Poor wound healing
o Pendulous abdomen
, o Osteoporosis
o Hypokalemia
o Decreased immune responses
o Gastric ulceration and bleeding
o Increased androgen levels
o Emotional issues
Treatment: Dependent of type, try to remove source while maintaining adrenal function
Ch 50 – Diabetes Mellitus
Ch 49-50 – Endocrine Disorders
Ch 18-24 – Neural and Sensory Disorders
Ch 52, 54, 55 – Reproductive System Disorders
**Review Ch 48 for normal structure and function of the endocrine system
Ch 49 – Endocrine Disorders
Pituitary disorders
Hypopituitarism – decreased secretion of pituitary hormones
Many etiologies
70-90% of the anterior pituitary must be destroyed before symptoms occur
Manifestations (general): chronically unfit, weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite,
impairment of sexual function, cold intolerance
o ACTH – most serious – weakness, nausea, anorexia, fever, postural hypotension
Progressive loss of function: Go Look For The Adenoma
Treatment – determine underlying cause and treat, hormone replacement as needed
Thyroid disorders
Hypothyroidism – underactive thyroid gland
Goiter
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Myxedematous coma
Hyperthyroidism – underactive thyroid gland
Grave’s disease
Thyroid storm
,Adrenal cortex disorders
Addison disease – primary adrenal insufficiency caused by destruction of the adrenal glands
Manifestations:
o Hyponatremia
o Decreased CO
o Hyperkalemia
o Orthostatic hypotension
o Dehydration
o Weakness, fatigue
o Hypoglycemia
o Anorexia, vomiting, weight loss
o Hyperpigmentation
Treatment: hormone replacement, watch for hyponatremia and hypoglycemia
Cushing syndrome – hypercortisolism
Three forms: pituitary (Cushing disease), adrenal, ectopic
Manifestations- exaggerations of cortisol
o Round moon face
o Fat pads on the back (buffalo hump)
o Hypertension cardiac hypertrophy
o Thin, wrinkled skin
o Poor wound healing
o Pendulous abdomen
, o Osteoporosis
o Hypokalemia
o Decreased immune responses
o Gastric ulceration and bleeding
o Increased androgen levels
o Emotional issues
Treatment: Dependent of type, try to remove source while maintaining adrenal function
Ch 50 – Diabetes Mellitus
