Learning Guide: Infectious Diseases of the Eyes and Ears
4-19-19
Study Questions
1. Name some protective mechanisms of the eye.
-enclosure within bony orbits
-sclera covering
-eyelashes, blinking
-lacrimal gland secretions (IgA, lysozyme)
-normal microbiota is sparse (thinly spread)
2. What is the name and causative agents for infection of the conjunctiva? For infection of
the eyelids, for infection of the cornea?
Conjunctiva
inflammation of the conjunctiva (conjunctivitis)
-pain, inflammation, exudates
-strep pneumoniae, Haem influenza, chlamydia, gonorrhea
-adenovirus, herpes simplex, varicella zoster
Eyelids(blepheritis)
inflammation of the margins of the eyelids
-irritation, redness, burning, itching
-staph aureus
-Herpes simplex
-phthirius pubis (lice)
Cornea(keratitis)
inflammation of the cornea
-pain, decrease in vision, discharge from eye
-S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, psuedomonas aeroguinosa
,-herpes simplex
-fungus: fusarium solani, aspergillus, acremonium, curvalaria
-parasites: acanthamoeba
3. What are the lacrimal glands?
Secrete tears
4. What is the causative agent of trachoma?
Chlamydia Trachomatis
5. How is trachoma spread?
direct person-to-person contact, shared clothes and towels, and eye-seeking flies
6. What factors contribute to development of trachoma?
exposed human waste
unclean hands, contaminated towels
women, children 1-9
Poverty
Infection of type of Chlamydia
Flies infect eyes
Unclean hands, towels
7. Where do the bacteria that cause periorbital and orbital cellulitis come from?
infection of the tissues surrounding the eye
bacteria from sinuses
-S. aureus
-Streptococci
-Haemophilus influenza
8. What are the parts of the ear?
, Outer Ear (pinna)
Middle Ear:
- Auditory Ossicles
- Tympanic Membrane
9. What part of the ear is infected in otitis externa?
infection of the outer ear
-lined with skin epithelium, skin microbiota
- possible pain and vomiting due to pain
10. What part of the ear is infected in otitis media?
infection of the middle ear
- Infection spreads via eustachian tube to middle ear lead to inflammation
12. How do bacteria enter the middle ear to cause otitis media?
- Via external ear
- Via eustachian tubes
- Via blood/lymph
13. What are symptoms of otitis media?
- Ear Infection
- Fever
- Irritability
- Ear discharge
14. Why are infants more likely to get ear infections?
Eustachian tube is shorter and more horizontal than adults
4-19-19
Study Questions
1. Name some protective mechanisms of the eye.
-enclosure within bony orbits
-sclera covering
-eyelashes, blinking
-lacrimal gland secretions (IgA, lysozyme)
-normal microbiota is sparse (thinly spread)
2. What is the name and causative agents for infection of the conjunctiva? For infection of
the eyelids, for infection of the cornea?
Conjunctiva
inflammation of the conjunctiva (conjunctivitis)
-pain, inflammation, exudates
-strep pneumoniae, Haem influenza, chlamydia, gonorrhea
-adenovirus, herpes simplex, varicella zoster
Eyelids(blepheritis)
inflammation of the margins of the eyelids
-irritation, redness, burning, itching
-staph aureus
-Herpes simplex
-phthirius pubis (lice)
Cornea(keratitis)
inflammation of the cornea
-pain, decrease in vision, discharge from eye
-S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, psuedomonas aeroguinosa
,-herpes simplex
-fungus: fusarium solani, aspergillus, acremonium, curvalaria
-parasites: acanthamoeba
3. What are the lacrimal glands?
Secrete tears
4. What is the causative agent of trachoma?
Chlamydia Trachomatis
5. How is trachoma spread?
direct person-to-person contact, shared clothes and towels, and eye-seeking flies
6. What factors contribute to development of trachoma?
exposed human waste
unclean hands, contaminated towels
women, children 1-9
Poverty
Infection of type of Chlamydia
Flies infect eyes
Unclean hands, towels
7. Where do the bacteria that cause periorbital and orbital cellulitis come from?
infection of the tissues surrounding the eye
bacteria from sinuses
-S. aureus
-Streptococci
-Haemophilus influenza
8. What are the parts of the ear?
, Outer Ear (pinna)
Middle Ear:
- Auditory Ossicles
- Tympanic Membrane
9. What part of the ear is infected in otitis externa?
infection of the outer ear
-lined with skin epithelium, skin microbiota
- possible pain and vomiting due to pain
10. What part of the ear is infected in otitis media?
infection of the middle ear
- Infection spreads via eustachian tube to middle ear lead to inflammation
12. How do bacteria enter the middle ear to cause otitis media?
- Via external ear
- Via eustachian tubes
- Via blood/lymph
13. What are symptoms of otitis media?
- Ear Infection
- Fever
- Irritability
- Ear discharge
14. Why are infants more likely to get ear infections?
Eustachian tube is shorter and more horizontal than adults
