FINAL EXAM Review Test 2022 UPDATE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | 100% CORRECT

FINAL EXAM Review Test 1. Republic means the same as a. individual rights b. direct democracy c. consent of the governed d. representative democracy 2. Limited government means that the power of a. elected officials has no limits b. voters has extensive limits c. elected officials has limits d. voters has no limits 3. The idea of the social contract is that a government is only legitimate if it has a. limited rights for the governed b. restrictions on democracy c. consent of the governed d. indirect democracy 4. Under the Rule of Law, a. the creators of the law must follow it, but those against it do not have to b. people who object to the laws can apply for exemptions from it c. everyone, including government officials, must abide by the laws d. government officials are exempt from punishment under the law 5. Philosophers like John Locke argued that all humans a. tend toward destructive behavior b. want government to restrict democracy c. seek power so government should be limited d. have the natural rights of life, liberty, and property 6. In an indirect democracy, major laws and rules are made by a. majority vote of the people b. the top executive official c. elected representatives d. state-level executives 7. Which of the following is an example of government affecting citizens' daily lives? a. Andy forgets to complete his chores. b. Sarah has an argument with her boss. c. Julie gets a speeding ticket from police. d. Robb volunteers to tutor young students. 8. Which of the following is an example of government affecting citizens' daily lives? a. Voting booths are set up at a library. b. Local doctors speak to a citizen group. c. A local group organizes a park cleanup. d. Road traffic is heaviest in the afternoon. 9. Which of the following is an example of government affecting citizens' daily lives? a. Deer appear each afternoon to graze in the local park. b. Two neighbors discuss whether to buy a lawn service. c. A new on-ramp to the highway is under construction. d. A soccer coach encourages his players to run during the off season. 10.A jus soli citizen was a. given status by blood relation b. born on the country's territory c. adopted from a foreign country d. naturalized through that process 11.Naturalization is a. the word used to refer to citizenship by birth on U.S. territory b. a process through which a person may become a legal citizen c. the word used to refer to citizenship by birth to U.S. parents d. a process through which a person can lose legal citizenship 12.The two major ways a person can become a legal U.S. citizen are a. jus soli or jus sanguinis b. birth or naturalization c. application or an oath d. education or working 13.Juan is not a legal U.S. citizen, but he has permission to live and work in the United States through a. a driver's license and may run for elected positions b. his parents and may not run for elected positions c. a visa and may not run for elected positions d. birth and may run for elected positions 14.Thalina wishes to become a U.S. citizen. Which of the following is true? a. The first thing she must do is complete a test on the country's history and government. b. Once she has sworn an oath of loyalty she can then be interviewed for naturalization. c. She must be a legal resident for five years before she can apply for naturalization. d. After she applies for naturalization, she can apply for a permanent residency visa. 15.The purpose of the naturalization process is to provide a means for a. law enforcement to identify non-citizens illegally living and working in the country b. non-citizens to become legal citizens with all related rights and responsibilities c. citizens by birth to establish citizenship for their children born elsewhere d. illegal aliens to receive permission to work in the country temporarily 16.The Declaration of Independence reflects the principle of a. natural rights of life, liberty, and property, using them in part to justify the document b. natural rights of life, liberty, and property, including a bill of rights with the document c. social contract by describing the type of government all nations should have d. social contract by describing the types of individual rights all nations should have "That whenever any form of government becomes destructive to these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness."–Declaration of Independence 17.Under what principle of government do the people have the right described in this quote? a. natural rights b. social contract c. popular sovereignty d. limited government "When a long train of abuses and usurpations…evinces a design to reduce them [the colonists] under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security."– Declaration of Independence 18.Under what principle of government do the people have the duty described in this quote? a. natural rights b. social contract c. popular sovereignty d. limited government "The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States."–Declaration of Independence 19.Which of the following is a true statement based on the quote? a. The king's misunderstanding of the natural rights principle led him to hurt colonial interests. b. The principle of social contract gave the king the power to rule the colonies as he saw fit. c. The popular sovereignty of the people allowed them to select a better king for the colonies. d. The king's actions violated the principle of limited government by expanding his power. "The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States."–Declaration of Independence 20.The "injuries and usurpations" described in this quote are the colonists' a. proof that the king violated the principles of limited government, social contract, and natural rights b. descriptions of actions that follow the principles of limited government, social contract, and natural rights c. reasons they should have representation in Britain under the principles of popular sovereignty and individual rights^ d. arguments for why they would rather not separate from Britain under the principles of popular sovereignty and individual rights 21.Which of the following quotes best reflects the principle of limited government in the Declaration of Independence? a."For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury." b. "He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected." c. "A Prince whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people." d. "All men… are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." 22.The Articles of Confederation a. created three branches of government, to reflect the principle "separation of powers" b. exhibited the principle "separation of powers" by leaving most power to the states c. created a weak central government, reflecting early American leaders’ fear of tyranny d. granted most of the significant powers of government to the executive branch "The United States in Congress assembled shall never engage in a war, nor grant letters of marque or reprisal in time of peace, nor enter into any treaties or alliances,... unless nine States assent to the same. Nor shall a question on any other point be determined, unless by the votes of the majority of the United States in Congress assembled."–Articles of Confederation 23.The restrictions placed on the federal government shown in this quote best reflect the principle of a. popular sovereignty b. limited government c. social contract d. natural rights "ARTICLE II Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this Confederation expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled."–Articles of Confederation 24.Which of the following principles of American democracy does this quote best represent? a. social contract b. natural rights c. federalism d. rule of law 25.In the U.S. Constitution, the principle of democracy is a. evident through creation of a republican government, which is the same as democracy b. reflected because the people can elect their leaders and petition the government c. absent because of the creation of a republican government run by only a few d. missing because the people have no role or effect on the legislative branch 26.The U.S. Constitution is based on several principles of American democracy. Is the principle "separation of powers" among those evident in the document? a. No, it is absent because the president determines the power and authority of the people. b. Yes, it is reflected because the amendments list the powers given to the individual people. c. No, it is missing because government power is concentrated in one branch of government. d. Yes, it is shown because the first three articles describe the three branches of government. 27.An example of an amendment to the U.S. Constitution that shows the principle of federalism is how the a. 26th Amendment allows 18-year-old citizens to vote in state and national elections b. 10th Amendment reserves rights to the states not assigned to the national government c. 16th Amendment allows the federal government to collect income taxes from individuals d. First Amendment prevents states from taking away any of the people's rights to free speech 28.The Constitution distributes all the powers of the central government a. between the president, vice president, and advisors b. between the Senate and the House of Representatives c. between Congress, the president, and the courts d. among the Supreme Court, president, and state courts 29.Which of the following is a true statement about the Constitution? a. It distributes power among three branches of government. b. It has a president who heads three branches of government. c. It imparts authority on tax policies to the state governments. d. It gives supreme authority to the separate state governments. 30.One way the Constitution limits the powers of government is to a. allow the highest judges to serve for life b. create a system of checks and balances c. permit all laws necessary and proper d. list no qualifications for officials "Security and stability cannot be maintained through a confederation of individual, sovereign states." 31.Which of the following best describes this quote? a. It represents the perspective of a Federalist, arguing for a strong centralized government. b. It represents the perspective of a Federalist, arguing for a weak centralized government. c. It represents the perspective of an Anti-Federalist, arguing for a strong central government. d. It represents the perspective of an Anti-Federalist, arguing for a weak central government. "The proposed Constitution gives too little power to the states. The states should be supreme." 32.Which of the following best describes this quote? a. It represents the perspective of a Federalist, arguing for a strong centralized government. b. It represents the perspective of a Federalist, arguing for a weak centralized government. c. It represents the perspective of an Anti-Federalist, arguing for a strong central government. d. It represents the perspective of a Anti-Federalist, arguing for a weak central government. "A democratic government is based on majority rule of the people. This would be impossible under the large republic proposed by the Constitution." 33.Which of the following best describes this quote? a. It represents the perspective of a Federalist, arguing for a strong central government. b. It represents the perspective of a Federalist, arguing for a stronger role for the states. c. It represents the perspective of an Anti-Federalist, arguing for a strong central government. d. It represents the perspective of an Anti-Federalist, arguing for a stronger role for the states. Bills of rights "have no application to constitutions professedly founded upon the power of the people, and executed by their immediate representatives and servants. Here, in strictness, the people surrender nothing, and as they retain everything, they have no need of particular reservations."–Alexander Hamilton, Federalist No. 84 34.Hamilton argues in this quote that a. x-a list of rights in the Constitution is unnecessary because the government's power is already limited b. a list of rights should be added to the Constitution before the state legislatures vote whether to ratify c. representatives of the people should have the task of determining protections for individual rights d. people should choose their representatives and other leaders very carefully to protect their rights "It is evident that each department should have a will of its own; and consequently should be so constituted that the members of each should have as little agency as possible in the appointment of the members of the others."–Federalist No. 51 35.Which of the following principles of American government does this quote directly support? a. republicanism b. popular sovereignty c. checks and balances d. separation of powers "In republican government, the legislative authority necessarily predominates. The remedy for this inconveniency is to divide the legislature into different branches; and to render them, by different modes of election and different principles of action, as little connected with each other as the nature of their common functions and their common dependence on the society will admit."–Federalist No. 51 36.Which of the following elements of the Constitution is the author defending in this quote? a. creating a federal system of government where states and federal government share power and responsibility b. splitting Congress into the Senate and House of Representatives with different structures and functions c. determining the process of electing the president to be through a vote of all members of the legislative branch d. providing ways for the executive branch and Supreme Court to check the legislative branch's powers and actions "New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or Parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress."– U.S. Constitution 37.Which of the following is true based on this quote? a. The power to make new states is a concurrent power. b. The power to join states together is a reserved power. c. The power to make new states is a delegated power. d. The power to join states together is an implied power. “The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion."–U.S. Constitution 38.According to this quote, the job of protecting the nation from foreign enemies belongs to a. the local governments b. each state government c. the national government d. international governments 39.Setting up courts is an example of a. a concurrent power b. a delegated power c. an exclusive power d. an inherent power 40.Reserved powers a. are determined only by the president b. are shared by the states and nation c. belong to the national government d. belong only to state governments 41.An expressed power is a power a. delegated to the state governments b. delegated to the national government c. concurrent to the state governments d. concurrent to the national government 42. A "concurrent" power is a. expressed to national and state governments b. implied to belong only to state governments c. reserved only to the national government d. shared by national and state governments 43.A person is arrested for having possession of a handgun. The suspect argues in trial that people have the right to carry handguns based on the a. First Amendment b. Second Amendment c. Fifth Amendment d. Eighth Amendment 44.School districts in the United States sometimes capture media attention when people in the community challenge the books assigned to students for instruction. These debates relate to the a. First Amendment b. Second Amendment c. Fifth Amendment d. Eighth Amendment 45.You watch a criminal trial on television where the suspect never takes the stand in defense. Suspects have that right under the a. First Amendment b. Fourth Amendment c. Fifth Amendment d. Seventh Amendment "A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed." 46.Which of the following possible court cases could be argued under the terms of the quote above? a. a person shoots and kills someone who broke into the family's home b. a person refuses to serve the military when called up through a draft c. a person sues the state for building an armory on nearby property d. a person retires from the military in order to build an independent army "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized." 47.Which of the following possible court cases could be argued under the terms of the quote above? a. a person sues the state for building an armory on nearby property b. a person refuses to serve the military when called up through a draft c. a person shoots and kills someone who broke into the family's home d. a person rejects police requests to unlock the car doors and windows "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances."–First Amendment, U.S. Constitution 48.Which of the following possible court cases could be argued under the terms of the quote above? a. a person sues the city for denying a permit to hold a holiday parade. b. a person refuses to serve the military when called up through a draft. c. a person shoots and kills someone who broke into the family's home. d. a person rejects police requests to unlock the car doors and windows. 49.Essay: Imagine a natural disaster strikes your area and power will be out for weeks. Describe two limitations to individual rights that you would support in this situation and why. Include an explanation of how the limits relate to at least one amendment in the Bill of Rights. 50.Essay: Imagine a group in the United States protesting American involvement in a war overseas burns an American flag and two people are accidentally burned. Many people want to ban flag burning, while others say it is their right. Discuss your position on the issue and include an explanation of how it relates to an amendment in the Bill of Rights. 51.Essay: Imagine that people from around your state camp out in the state capital's public parks and organize protests against the state government. Police and city workers are complaining about the mess and threat to public safety caused by the protestors. Discuss whether you think any limitations to their activities would be reasonable and why. Include an explanation of how the situation relates to at least one amendment in the Bill of Rights. 52.Which of the following best explains why people do not have unlimited First Amendment rights? a. It is inappropriate to criticize or condemn elected government officials. b. Leaders worth following would be drowned out by meaningless speech. c. Certain types of speech could infringe on others' rights or public safety. d. The government would be ineffective, weighed down by citizen requests. 53.While the Bill of Rights protects individual rights, the a. elastic clause allows Congress to make laws that could lead to limits in order to protect the common good b. elastic clause gives Congress the power to make laws only in emergency situations that could limit rights c. fourth article of the Constitution protects the rights of groups, which could conflict with individual rights d. fourth article of the Constitution describes states' rights, which include restricting rights as necessary 54.Which of the following explains why Americans do not have unlimited rights? a. Rights without limits is just another phrase for anarchy or the absence of government. b. People cannot be trusted to use their rights wisely, so officials must create restrictions. c. Sometimes individual rights conflict with the rights of others or threaten public safety. d. Early leaders of the country never intended for the rights to apply to all of the people. 55.Which of the following quotes from the Constitution describes the House of Representatives? a. "The...shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation." b. "No person (shall be a member) who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen." c. "The Vice President of the United States shall be President of but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided." d. "The...shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States." 56.Proposed bills go through committees of Congress members a. that edit the language of the bill so that it passes into law faster b. in order to ensure that the bill follows the agenda of the president c. who study each idea carefully though it makes the process take longer d. for the purpose of reviewing the bill with members of the judicial branch 57.What can the legislative branch do if the president vetoes a bill? a. It can override the veto by requiring ratification by three-fourths of the states. b. It can override the veto with a two-thirds vote of both houses of Congress. c. It can appeal the veto to the Supreme Court who can rule the bill into law. d. It can request that the president conduct a second review of the bill. 58.In the 1930s, Senator Long read recipes from a cookbook for 15 hours during a Senate debate. His action is an example of a. a cloture b. a filibuster c. apportionment d. legislation 59.Which of the following quotes from the Constitution describes the Senate? a. "No Person who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen." b. "The shall chose their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office of President of the United States." c. "The shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States." d. "The shall choose their Speaker and other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment." 60.What happens if the Senate and House of Representatives pass two different bills on the same topic? a. Congress will meet with the president to agree on one or the other bill. b. The conference committee will meet and resolve the bills' differences. c. The Senate version of the bill will take precedence and go to the president. d. Advisors to the president will meet with the sponsors of the proposed bills. 61.When lawmakers compare multiple potential public policy solutions, they a. focus on minimizing costs while maximizing the benefits b. by law are required to choose the least-expensive solution c. require unanimous approval before selecting one to pursue d. will choose the most costly solution to maximize the budget 62.Public policy is a a. set of laws that citizens directly vote on nationwide b. program that must benefit all people to become a law c. government action at any level that addresses a problem d. list of laws from each state that conflict with one another 63.Comparing the costs in time and resources with the benefits is an important step in a. implementing a program that has become law b. reducing funding from a local or state budget c. deciding whether to add a new public official d. analyzing the effectiveness of a public policy 64.The phrase, "shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment" is from the U.S. Constitution. It describes the power of the a. legislative branch to remove officials from office b. president to remove federal officials from office c. legislative branch to forgive crimes of officials d. president to forgive crimes of federal officials 65.Which of the following quotes from the U.S. Constitution describes the requirements to be president? a. "a natural born Citizen, have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United States" b. "have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen" c. "have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen" d. "chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature" 66.According to Article II of the U.S. Constitution, the a. Senate has the power to change the qualifications of the president b. Senate can direct military operations with presidential approval c. president can enter into foreign treaties with Senate consent d. president can remove members of the Senate from office 67.When a Cabinet member makes a recommendation to the president, the president a. is required by the Constitution to implement the recommendation b. is required by law to implement the recommendation c. has no obligation to follow their guidance d. can be impeached if he does not follow their guidance 68.The regulatory agency responsible for regulating and supervising medical devices and cosmetics is the a. Federal Communications Commission b. U.S. Food and Drug Administration c. Federal Reserve System d. U.S. Postal Service 69.A bureaucratic organization that functions mostly without executive or legislative control is known as a. an independent regulatory agency b. an executive cabinet department c. a federal regulation commission d. a legislative cabinet section 70.Andres made an appointment to meet with a representative from his district. He wants to request funding on behalf of a local parents and students' group to build a baseball field at the county park. Andres' acted as a lobbyist for a a. special interest group b. labor union c. political action committee d. political party 71.Political parties, interest groups, and the media all provide a way for a. government officials to hide waste and corruption b. candidates to get elected into civil service careers c. individuals to monitor and influence government d. leaders in government to take additional powers 72.Which of the following is an example of lobbying and its influence on public policy? a. An interest group spokesperson tries to convince officials to vote a certain way on bills affecting the group's members. b. The media broadcast programming is aimed at convincing individuals to contact their officials about certain issues. c. A political party uses a process to evaluate members and determine who will run as candidates in an election. d. A public official's website contains a post detailing actions of the official relating to votes on certain issues and bills. 73.One way individuals can increase their individual influence on public policy is to a. volunteer to work at the polls and record votes for an election b. attend meetings of local government councils and committees c. become an active member of a political party or interest group d. follow the laws and report those who violate them to authorities 74.From the list below, the most direct way an individual can influence public policy is to a. sign up for an interest group b. belong to a political party c. vote on proposed laws d. organize a fundraiser 75.Why would a political party avoid associating with an interest group that holds radical principles? a. to prevent groups that have more popular views from running successful campaigns b. to encourage various interest groups to create their own political parties and run campaigns c. so they can hide purposes and ideologies from voters so they don't have to be enforced once in office d. so they can gain the support of as many voters as possible and get their members into office 76.Television changed the nature of political communication because it a. made other forms of media like newspapers and radio obsolete in terms of spreading a message b. gave the public audience the ability to see what officials looked like and see the effects of their actions c. caused people to spend more time consuming entertainment programming rather than political events d. led to the creation of regulatory agencies that prevent news stations from taping public officials' speeches 77.Which of the following is a true statement related to changes in the American media? a. As the types of media increase, the information and opportunities for influencing politics increase. b. As the types of media decrease, the information and opportunities for influencing politics increase. c. As the types of media increase, the information and opportunities for influencing politics decrease. d. As the types of media decrease, the information and opportunities for influencing politics decrease. 78.Which of the following statements is true about the Internet? a. Its regulations have decreased over time so that greater numbers of people can use it for illegal purposes. b. It has expanded from a source of static information to a meeting place used to organize political events. c. Its role has remained limited to providing facts about elected officials and laws at various levels of government. d. It was designed to be a forum for social and political change but is now used almost exclusively for entertainment. This image represents Theodore Roosevelt, president from 1901 to 1909, known for the phrase "speak softly and carry a big stick." 79.Which of the following is a valid evaluation of the artist's political message? a. The artist omits a name on the person to disguise that the image is an attack on the president's policies. b. The artist uses a dove to appeal to people's sense of justice and peace to say that the president is a bully. c. The artist has a bias for the president and shows that he is tough on enemies that would attack the country. d. The artist expresses the president's enjoyment of bird hunting when he is on vacation from his official duties. 80.In this 2003 photograph, President Bush tells the public that the major combat efforts in Iraq are over. The photo portrays him as a. an advocate for continuing to increase troops sent to bring and maintain democracy to foreign countries b. a failed policymaker and leader of the armed forces since soldiers would still remain in foreign countries c. a supporter of the armed forces and successful military leader through the location and banner above him d. a leader who is out of touch with the people and especially members of the armed forces serving overseas “Candidate Alonzo has worked as a school volunteer and with disabled children locally, which makes her a perfect fit for the School Board." 81.In this quote, the reporter did not let the public know that Candidate Alonzo has never had a career in the field of education. The reporter uses a. emotional appeal to support Alonzo b. emotional appeal against Alonzo c. omission to support Alonzo d. omission against Alonzo "Our aim is a democratic peace, a peace founded upon the dignity and rights of every man and woman."—President Bush, 2004 State of the Union The image below represents Theodore Roosevelt, president from 1901 to 1909, known for the phrase "speak softly and carry a big stick." 82.Which of the following is a valid statement about the artist's judgment in the image compared to the quote? a. President Roosevelt was a much tougher leader than President Bush, who clearly was unwilling to go to war. b. President Bush was a much tougher leader than President Roosevelt, who clearly was unwilling to go to war. c. President Roosevelt was willing to trample on human rights to win wars, while President Bush would not. d. President Bush was willing to trample on human rights to win wars, while President Roosevelt would not. “We're providing more funding for our schools–a 36 percent increase since 2001. We are requiring higher standards. We are regularly testing every child on the fundamentals."---President George W. Bush, 2004 State of the Union Address "For less than one percent of what our nation spends on education each year, we've convinced nearly every state in the country to raise their standards for teaching and learning -- the first time that's happened in a generation"–President Barack Obama, 2012 State of the Union Address 83.Based on the quotes above, it is reasonable to assume that a. President Bush failed to achieve his policy goals related to improving education b. President Obama does not carefully study the history of past presidents' policies c. President Bush thought testing was not important as a measure of school success d. President Obama considers earlier efforts in reforming education to be unsuccessful ' The photograph of President George W. Bush was taken in 2003 as he gave a speech announcing the end of combat operations in Iraq. The photograph of the White House demonstration was taken in 2008, during Bush's second term as president. 84.Which of the following makes a true statement about the photographs? a. In the 2003 photo, the sign uses omission to celebrate the military without acknowledging the thousands of soldiers who remained. The 2008 photo reveals a bias in favor of Bush, using the memory of his 2003 speech to show support for policies and claims he made after that time. b. In the 2003 photo, Bush uses emotional appeal to gain support for ongoing efforts in Iraq from the military and other citizens. The 2008 photo reveals a bias in favor of Bush, using the memory of his 2003 speech to show support for policies and claims he made after that time. c. In the 2003 photo, the sign uses omission to celebrate the military without acknowledging the thousands of soldiers who remained. The 2008 photo reveals a bias against Bush, using the memory of his 2003 speech to criticize policies and claims he made after that time. d. In the 2003 photo, Bush uses emotional appeal to gain support for ongoing efforts in Iraq from the military and other citizens. The 2008 photo reveals a bias against Bush, using the memory of his 2003 speech to criticize policies and claims he made after that time. “Map of the United States labeled "Electoral College 2000". States that are shaded blue indicates electoral votes awarded to Gore (total of 266). States that are shaded red indicate electoral votes awarded to Bush (total of 271). Each state is shaded and labeled with a number: Alabama–red, 9; Alaska–red, 3; Arizona–red, 8; Arkansas–red, 6; California–blue, 54; Colorado–red, 8; Connecticut– blue, 8; Delaware–blue, 3; Florida–red, 25; Georgia–red, 13; Hawaii–blue, 4; Idaho– red, 4; Illinois–blue, 22; Indiana–red, 12; Iowa–blue, 7; Kansas–red, 6; Kentucky–red, 8; Louisiana–red, 9; Maine–blue, 4; Maryland–blue, 10; Massachusetts–blue, 12; Michigan–blue, 18; Minnesota–blue, 10; Mississippi–red, 7; Missouri–red, 11; Montana–red, 3; Nebraska–red, 5; Nevada–red, 4; New Hampshire–red, 4; New Jersey–blue, 15; New Mexico–blue, 5; New York–blue, 33; North Carolina–red, 14; North Dakota–red, 3; Ohio–red, 21; Oklahoma–red, 8; Oregon–blue, 7; Pennsylvania– blue, 23; Rhode Island–blue, 4; South Carolina–red, 8; South Dakota–red, 3; Tennessee–red, 11; Texas–red, 32; Utah–red, 5; Vermont–blue, 3; Virginia–red, 13; Washington–blue, 11; West Virginia–red, 5; Wisconsin–blue, 11; Wyoming–red, 3.' 85.According to this map depicting the results of the 2000 election, winning the a. South and Midwest electoral college votes allowed Bush to win b. states with the three most electoral college votes enabled Bush to win c. states with the most electoral college votes enabled Gore to win d. East and West Coast electoral college votes enabled Gore to win ' 86.The 2000 presidential election recount in Florida went on for weeks because a. too many people were allowed to examine and discuss each ballot b. some counties used ballots that were difficult for workers to interpret c. the courts refused to make a ruling on the election to stop the process d. a recount in another state caused officials to question the voting system 87.Which of the following makes a true statement about the Electoral College? a. Individual votes have little bearing on the outcome of presidential elections, as only electoral votes are counted. b. According to the U.S. Constitution, all states are awarded a minimum of five electoral votes. c. Electoral votes are awarded and the president is usually chosen based on the popular vote in each state. d. The original procedure for the Electoral College process in was outlined in the 12th amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Bar graph titled Voter Turnout Rates in Presidential Elections Among 18-to 29-YearOld Citizens, by Race and Ethnicity. The horizontal axis lists the following ethnicities: White, Black, Mixed, Hispanic, American Indian, Asian. The vertical axis includes percentage from 0 to 60 percent. The graph shows the following data points: White- 53 percent (2004), 43 percent (2000); Black- 49 percent (2004), 43 percent (2000); Mixed-46 percent(2004), no data(2000); Hispanic- 35 percent (2004), 29 percent (2000); American Indian- 35 percent (2004), 30% percent (2000); Asian- 33 percent (2004), 32 percent (2000). 88.According to this graph, voter turnout is highest among 18- to 29-year-olds who report their race and ethnicity as a. Asian b. Black c. Mixed d. White Bar graph titled Voter Turnout Rates in Presidential Elections Among 18 to 29 Year Old Citizens, by Gender. The graph shows the following data points, Female 52 percent in 2004, 42 percent in 2000, Male 46 percent in 2004, 37 percent in 2000.' 89.According to this graph, voter turnout among a. women is generally half that of men b. men is generally half that of women c. women is usually higher than for men d. men is usually higher than for women “Bar graph titled Voter Turnout Rates in Presidential Elections Among 18-to 29-YearOld Citizens, by Gender. The graph shows the following data points: Female- 52 percent (2004), 43 percent (2000); Male- 46 percent (2004), 37 percent (2000). 90.According to this graph, eligible voters are most likely to vote in a. midterm elections, and their turnout has increased in the last election b. midterm elections, and their turnout has decreased in the last election c. presidential elections, and their turnout has increased in the last election d. presidential elections, and their turnout has decreased in the last election Map of the State of Florida titled "2010 Census Results. Population Change By County: ". State Population is 18,801,310. 3 counties are shaded in beige, indicating they lost population between 2000 and 2010. 5 counties are shaded in light blue, indicating they experienced population growth between 0 and 5 percent between 2000 and 2010. 20 counties are shaded medium blue, indicating they experienced population growth between 5 and 15 percent between 2000 and 2010. 22 counties are shaded darker blue, indicating they experienced population growth between 15 and 25 percent between 2000 and 2010. 17 counties are shaded darkest blue, indicating they experienced population growth over 25 percent between 2000 and 2010.' 91.Which of the following could be a logical conclusion based on the map? a. Because of the 2010 Census results, Florida gained representation in Congress. b. Because of the 2010 Census results, Florida lost representation in Congress. c. Because of the 2000 Census results, Florida gained representation in Congress. d. Because of the 2000 Census results, Florida lost representation in Congress. Map of the United States titled "National Population Change by State: ". States showing a loss: MI. States with 0-5 percent population increase: ND, IA, IL, MS, LA, OH, WV, PA NY, ME, VT, MA, RI,CT NJ. States with 5-15 percent population increase: CA, OR, WA, MT, WY, NM, SD, NE, KS, OK, MN, MO, AR, IN, KY, TN, AL, NH, DE MD, DC, AK, HI. States with 15-25 percent population increase: ID, UT, AZ, CO, TX, FL, GA, SC, NC. States with 25 percent and above population increase: NV.' 92.Which of the following could be a logical conclusion based on the map? a. Because of the 2010 Census results, states in the South and West gained representation in Congress. b. Because of the 2010 Census results, states in the South and West lost representation in Congress. c. Because of the 2000 Census results, states in the South and West gained representation in Congress. d. Because of the 2000 Census results, states in the South and West lost representation in Congress. 'Map of the United States titled "Seats Lost or Gained". States shaded dark orange lost 2 or more seats. States shaded lighter orange lost 1 seat. States shaded light blue did not gain or lose any seats. States shaded medium blue gained 1 seat. States shaded dark blue gained 2 or more seats. States shaded dark orange include: New York and Ohio. States shaded lighter orange include: Illinois, Iowa, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, New Jersey, Pennsylvania. States shaded light blue include: Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Minnesota, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming. States shaded medium blue include: Arizona, Georgia, Nevada, South Carolina, Utah, Washington. States shaded dark blue include: Florida and Texas.' 93.Which of the following is a reasonable conclusion based on the map? a. Most states in the Northeast and Midwest decreased in total population, losing representatives. b. Most Northeastern and Midwestern states decreased as a portion of the total national population. c. Most states in the Northeast and Midwest increased in total population, gaining representatives. d. Most Northeastern and Midwestern states increased as a portion of the total national population. 94.Decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court a. prevent legislation from proceeding b. require federal legislation changes c. may be appealed to a higher court d. are final and may not be appealed 95.Which of the following is true about U.S. Supreme Court justices? a. They are appointed by the president, approved by the House, and may serve for 10 years. b. They are appointed by the Senate, approved by the House, and may serve for 10 years. c. They are appointed by the president, approved by the Senate, and may serve for life. d. They are appointed by the House, approved by the Senate, and may serve for life. 96.Trials in the judiciary system divide into two main types a. state law and felony law b. civil law and criminal law c. family law and traffic law d. appeals and supreme law 97.The purpose of the length of the term for a U.S. Supreme Court justice is to a. encourage decisions based on the will of the majority of the people b. discourage consultation with judges who serve in other court levels c. require consultation with the executive and legislature on major cases d. prevent decisions based on the pressures of maintaining elected office 98.A supreme court has jurisdiction on a case when the case has been a. appealed directly from the trial court decision because of a constitutional question b. heard by a court of appeal and there is a legitimate constitutional question c. refused to be heard in either a criminal or civil court of appeals d. dismissed by local law enforcement against citizen wishes 99.The Chief Justice of the United States a. serves for life without exception and has the power to dismiss the other justices b. sets the court agenda and would preside over a presidential impeachment trial c. is simply a title for the most senior member of the court, and the title has no significance d. is the leader of the other justices, and the job rotates among justices each year Map of the United States titled U.S. Circuit Map. The map outlines the each circuit. Circuit 1: Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Puerto Rico. Circuit 2: Vermont, New York, Connecticut. Circuit 3: Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Virgin Islands. Circuit 4: West Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina. Circuit 5: Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi. Circuit 6: Michigan, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee. Circuit 7: Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana. Circuit 8: North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas. Circuit 9: Washington, Montana, Idaho, Oregon, Nevada, California, Arizona, Alaska, Guam, Hawaii. Circuit 10: Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma. Circuit 11: Florida, Alabama, Georgia. Circuit 12: Washington D.C.'/br /Public Domainbr /Br / 100. A federal case in Texas would begin in a a. Texas trial court b. Texas court of last resort c. U.S. District Court for Circuit Five d. U.S. Court of Appeals for Circuit Five 'Map of the United States titled U.S. Circuit Map. The map outlines the each circuit. Circuit 1: Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Puerto Rico. Circuit 2: Vermont, New York, Connecticut. Circuit 3: Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Virgin Islands. Circuit 4: West Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina. Circuit 5: Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi. Circuit 6: Michigan, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee. Circuit 7: Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana. Circuit 8: North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas. Circuit 9: Washington, Montana, Idaho, Oregon, Nevada, California, Arizona, Alaska, Guam, Hawaii. Circuit 10: Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma. Circuit 11: Florida, Alabama, Georgia. Circuit 12: Washington D.C.'/br /Public Domainbr /Br / 101. U.S. Circuit 9 by law has a. only one Court of Appeals b. at least one Court of Appeals c. a U.S. Supreme Court branch d. an appellate court in each state 'Map of the U.S. Circuit. 102. People involved in cases that are accepted by the U.S. Supreme Court a. must travel to the U.S. Court of Appeals for their circuit b. must travel to Washington D.C. to present their cases c. present their cases in the closest U.S. Circuit Court d. present their cases in the state court of last resort 103. Which of the following types of cases would have to begin in a state-level court? a. disputes over interpretation of the Constitution b. disputes related to federal officials while in office c. disputes arising from accidental damage to property d. disputes that arise from laws that govern immigration 104. Which of the following is true about responsibility in the U.S. Court system? a. State courts handle most criminal and civil trials, whereas federal courts address constitutional law and appeals from state courts of last resort. b. State courts handle constitutional law, but only the federal courts can make new laws based on their interpretations. c. State courts handle appeals from the federal district courts, and federal district courts handle appeals from state courts as a check on the power of the courts. d. State courts handle local trial courts and most cases though the federal court has authority to select certain cases to hear. 105. Which type of court would hear the appeal of a state-level supreme decision? a. state district court b. U.S. Supreme Court c. state appellate court d. U.S. Court of Appeals 106. Which of the following cases would fall under federal jurisdiction? a. a case involving the health and safety of a minor b. a dispute between citizens from different states c. a criminal trial for a suspect in a murder case d. a decision appealed from a state trial court 'Diagram of U.S. Court System. On the right side of the diagram, the lowest box is labeled U.S. District Court. An arrow is connected to the lowest box, which points to a second box above labeled U.S. Court of Appeals. An arrow is connected to the second box, which points to final box at the top of the diagram labeled U.S. Supreme Court. On the left side of the diagram, the lowest box is labeled State-level courts of original jurisdiction. An arrow is connected to the lowest box, which points to a second box above labeled State-level court of appeals. An arrow is connected to the second box, which points to a third box above labeled State-level court of last resort. An arrow is connected to the third box, which points to a fourth box above labeled U.S. Supreme Court.' 107. A person or group dissatisfied with the decision of the Florida Supreme Court a. could appeal the case to their U.S. District Court b. could appeal the case to the U.S. Supreme Court c. has no recourse because each state's supreme court is a court of last resort d. has no recourse because each state's supreme court is an appeals court 'Diagram of U.S. Court System. On the right side of the diagram, the lowest box is labeled U.S. District Court. An arrow is connected to the lowest box, which points to a second box above labeled U.S. Court of Appeals. An arrow is connected to the second box, which points to final box at the top of the diagram labeled U.S. Supreme Court. On the left side of the diagram, the lowest box is labeled State-level courts of original jurisdiction. An arrow is connected to the lowest box, which points to a second box above labeled State-level court of appeals. An arrow is connected to the second box, which points to a third box above labeled State-level court of last resort. An arrow is connected to the third box, which points to a fourth box above labeled U.S. Supreme Court.' 108. A case would begin in a U.S. District Court instead of a state-level trial court when it involves a. laws or law enforcement in one state b. an ambassador from a foreign nation c. charges for crimes of a serious nature d. a challenge to the meaning of a law 109. Judicial review describes the power of the a. executive branch established by the case McCulloch v. Maryland to determine whether a court punishment is acceptable under the Constitution b. executive branch established by the case Marbury v. Madison to determine whether a court decision is acceptable under the Constitution c. judicial branch established by the case McCulloch v. Maryland to determine if a proposed bill is acceptable under the Constitution d. judicial branch established by the case Marbury v. Madison to determine whether a law is acceptable under the Constitution 110. The decision of the U.S. Supreme Court on a constitutional issue is a. considered null and void unless the state governments must amend their laws b. unofficial until the legislative branch has an opportunity to edit the related law c. final unless overturned by a constitutional amendment or new court decision d. subject to a review by either the executive branch or the legislative branch 111. The process of judicial review applies to a. proposed legislation and executive actions b. specific cases and controversies requested c. any question of constitutional interpretation d. bills from state governments passed into law 112. What is the role of judicial review in American government? a. It provides the executive and legislative branches with another check on the powers of the judicial branch. b. It allows the federal courts to review proposed legislation and possible executive actions for potential issues. c. It gives the courts the power to invalidate any federal or state law that they believe violates the Constitution. d. It interprets the vague language of the Constitution, which allows the document to survive changes in society. 113. The minority opinion of a decided case a. is the official explanation for the final ruling that will apply to the case b. is unnecessary unless the power of judicial review has been employed c. expresses the justification for a dissenting opinion of one or more judges d. supports the ruling of the majority but rationalizes it with different reasons 114. One purpose of the process of judicial review is to a. ensure that federal court judges have proper qualifications b. force court judges to justify case decisions in written form c. preserve the intentions of the framers of the Constitution d. monitor changes in society occurring through new laws 115. Judges are expected to base their decisions on the a. timing of elections, similar to other elected officials b. will of the majority, similar to other elected officials c. interpretation of law, independent from elected officials d. reports of the media, independent from elected officials 116. Those who believe judges should be free from the pressures of public support a. want judges to be dependent on the other government branches b. expect judges to focus on the will of the people in judicial review c. expect judges to run for election rather than seek appointments d. favor the appointment of judges to their positions over elections 117. The role of a judge is different from other federal officials because a judge a. bases decisions on the will of the people while other officials base decisions on the law b. bases decisions on the law while other officials base decisions on the will of the people c. consults other federal officials on the intent of the laws before making a case decision d. consults other federal officials on the will of the people before making a case decision 118. In contrast with other federal officials, a judge a. has set term limits for time in office b. meets the president to discuss cases c. does not base decisions on majority will d. accepts advice from special interest groups Sue and Tim are arguing about the value of appointing rather than electing federal judges. Tim says they are appointed because they need to be independent. 119. What does he mean? a. Judges do not depend on voter will to keep their jobs. If that were the case, then judges would make decisions based on popular will rather than interpretations of law. b. Judges receive their commissions from the president so they are independent in the sense that only the president needs to approve their decisions, not other officials. c. Judges make decisions in isolation from other judges so that their interpretations of the law are not affected by the opinions or judgments of the associate judges. d. Judges are like other federal officials and must consider the people's will when deciding a case. They consult with other officials and the president to make decisions. Sue and Tim are arguing about the value of appointing rather than electing federal judges. Sue says the judges should be elected. 120. Which of the following statements supports her position? a. Judges in most federal court positions are elected so it should be the same way at the state and local level as well. b. Judges are representatives of the people in government just like other officials and should represent majority will. c. Judges who are elected will make their decisions in isolation from people's opinion and perform better as a result. d. Judges that consult with other federal officials on the will of the people do not consider the law in their decisions. 121. The 14th amendment has continued to extend civil liberties because the a. state governments have used their own amendment processes to add its language to their state constitutions b. state governments have used the powers of legislation and policy making to circumvent the rights of citizens c. courts and lawmakers continue to further refine and restrict the definitions of legal citizenship and residency d. courts have interpreted it in many cases to mean that state governments must also guarantee certain rights "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex." 122. This quote is from the a. 15th Amendment and protects the right of women to vote b. 19th Amendment and protects the right of women to vote c. 15th Amendment and protects the right of black males to vote d. 19th Amendment and protects the right of black males to vote 123. Which is true about the relationship between the Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th amendment to the U.S. Constitution? a. The 13th Amendment increased the civil liberties restricted by the Emancipation Proclamation. b. The Emancipation Proclamation increased the civil liberties restricted by the 13th Amendment. c. The 13th Amendment expanded the freedom of the Emancipation Proclamation to more people. d. The Emancipation Proclamation expanded the freedom of the 13th Amendment to more people. 124. Which of the following cases sets a precedent that segregation laws were unconstitutional in the United States? a. Texas v. Johnson b. Plessy v. Ferguson c. Gideon v. Wainwright d. Brown v. Board of Education 125. Which of the following cases sets a precedent that accused people have the right to counsel even if they cannot afford it? a. Texas v. Johnson b. Plessy v. Ferguson c. Gideon v. Wainwright d. Brown v. Board of Education 126. Which of the following cases ruled that segregation laws were acceptable and was later overturned through court decisions and legislation? a. Texas v. Johnson b. Plessy v. Ferguson c. Gideon v. Wainwright d. Brown v. Board of Education 127. Countries with autocracy-based governments have a. a small group of leaders with similar political views b. regular elections to select representative officials c. a single ruler who may be a monarch or dictator d. shared decisions between citizens and leaders 128. A country with a government based on democracy would a. be run by a small group of leaders with similar political views b. conduct regular elections to select representative officials c. have a single ruler who may be a monarch or dictator d. determine political policy without citizen input 129. A country with a government described as an oligarchy would a. be run by a small group of leaders with similar political views b. conduct regular elections to select representative officials c. have a single ruler who may be a monarch or dictator d. determine its policies with significant citizen input 'Map of the world titled 2012 Freedom in the World. Countries on the map are shaded green to indicate the country is free, yellow to indicate the country is partly free, and blue to indicate the country is not free. The following countries are shaded green, Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kiribati, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Micronesia, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Namibia, Nauru, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Palau, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Vanuatu. The following countries are shaded yellow, Albania, Armenia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Colombia, Comoros, East Timor, Ecuador, Fiji, Georgia, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Kenya, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mexico, Moldova, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Philippines, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, Venezuela, Zambia. The following countries are shaded blue, Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Cameroon, Chad, China, Congo, Cote dIvoire, Cuba, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Laos, Libya, Mauritania, North Korea, Oman, Qatar, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen, Zimbabwe.' 130. Which of the following countries is least likely to hold free and legitimate elections by its citizens, based on this map? a. Mexico b. Belarus c. Tanzania d. Columbia Map of world titled Countries by 2011 GDP per capita. The map shows the following GPA ranges by region: North America–$6400 to $; Central America and the Caribbean–$400 to $12800; South America–$1600 to $25600; Western Europe–$12800 to over $; Eastern Europe–$1600 to $25600; Middle East–$800 to over $ (majority of countries in the $1600 to $3200 range); Africa–less than $400 to $12,800; East Asia–$3200 to $25600; South East Asia–$400 to $12,800 (majority of countries in the $1600 to $3200 range); Australia–over $.' 131. Which of the following makes a true statement about the relationship between GDP and democratization? a. GDP and democratization tend to rise and fall together. You would expect most countries in North America to have lower levels of democracy than those of Asia. b. GDP and democratization tend to rise and fall together. You would expect most countries in North American to have greater levels of democracy than those of Asia. c. As GDP decreases, democratization tends to increase, and vice versa. You would expect most countries in North America to have lower levels of democracy than those of Asia. d. As GDP decreases, demo