Metal and Metallurgical Principles
,
, Metalloids
The elements which show properties of both metals and non metals are called metalloids.
Boron (B), Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Arsenic(As) and Antimony (Sb), Tellurium(Te) are
considered as metalloids.
Alloys
An alloy is a homogenous mixture of metals with metals or non metals.
Eg:
Bronze (Kansh) – Cu 75-90 % and Sn 25-10%
Steel – Fe 98-99.8% and C 0.2-2%
Amalgams
Alloy of mercury with other metal or non metal is called amalgams.
Eg: Sodium amalgam (Na-Hg)
Silver amalgam (Ag-Hg)
Copper amalgam (Cu-Hg)
Minerals and ores
In nature, most of the metals exist in combined state. Few metals can be found in free (native) state e.g
copper and mercury. Naturally occurring substance, in which the metal is present in free or combined s
mineral. If the mineral contains sufficient quantity of metal, such that metal can be extracted from
profitably, such mineral is called ore. Therefore, all the ores are minerals but all minerals are not ores.
Examples: Copper pyrite (CuFeS2) is an ore for copper but may be mineral for iron. Haematile (Fe2O3) is a
,
, Metalloids
The elements which show properties of both metals and non metals are called metalloids.
Boron (B), Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Arsenic(As) and Antimony (Sb), Tellurium(Te) are
considered as metalloids.
Alloys
An alloy is a homogenous mixture of metals with metals or non metals.
Eg:
Bronze (Kansh) – Cu 75-90 % and Sn 25-10%
Steel – Fe 98-99.8% and C 0.2-2%
Amalgams
Alloy of mercury with other metal or non metal is called amalgams.
Eg: Sodium amalgam (Na-Hg)
Silver amalgam (Ag-Hg)
Copper amalgam (Cu-Hg)
Minerals and ores
In nature, most of the metals exist in combined state. Few metals can be found in free (native) state e.g
copper and mercury. Naturally occurring substance, in which the metal is present in free or combined s
mineral. If the mineral contains sufficient quantity of metal, such that metal can be extracted from
profitably, such mineral is called ore. Therefore, all the ores are minerals but all minerals are not ores.
Examples: Copper pyrite (CuFeS2) is an ore for copper but may be mineral for iron. Haematile (Fe2O3) is a
