NUR 2488 MODULE 4 EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Module 4 Study Guide
Therapies & Nursing Interventions
Milieu therapy : psychiatric treatment involving
manipulation of the environment of a patient for therapeutic
purposes.
CBT : Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a short-term,
goal-oriented psychotherapy treatment that takes a hands-on,
practical approach to problem-solving. Its goal is to change
patterns of thinking or behavior that are behind people's
difficulties, and so change the way they feel.
Behavioral Therapy ; based on the theory of classical
conditioning. The premise is that all behavior is learned;
faulty learning (i.e. conditioning) is the cause of abnormal
behavior. Therefore the individual has to learn the correct or
acceptable behavior.
Psychotherapy (sometimes called “talk therapy”) is a term for
a variety of treatment techniques that aim to help a person
identify and change troubling emotions, thoughts, and
behavior. Most psychotherapy takes place with a licensed and
trained mental health care professional and a patient meeting
one on one or with other patients in a group setting.
Modeling which is also called observational learning or
imitation, is a behaviorally based procedure that involves the
use of live or symbolic models to demonstrate a particular
behavior, thought, or attitude that a client may want to
acquire or change.
Active Listening is a communication technique used in
counseling, training, and conflict resolution. It requires that
the listener fully concentrate, understand, respond and then
remember what is being said.
, Paraphrasing A restatement of speech or writing that retains
the basic meaning while changing the words.
A paraphrase often clarifies the original statement by
putting it into words that are more easily understood.
Key components of documentation
Subjective data are information from the client's point of
view (“symptoms”), including feelings, perceptions, and
concerns obtained through interviews. Objective data are
observable and measurable data (“signs”) obtained through
observation, physical examination, and laboratory and
diagnostic testing. subjective data is information supplied to
you by the subject, or patient. they are things that you
cannot yourself perceive with your senses of sight, sound,
smell, or touch. for example, pain. a patient tells you they
have a pain in their leg. that is subjective data. it is based on
the patient's statement. you cannot see, hear, smell, or feel the
patient's pain. however, you can see a grimace on the face of
someone in pain. the grimace on their face would be an
objective observation.
Clinical symptoms An indication of a disorder or disease,
especially a subjective one such as pain, nausea, or weakness.
Phases of the nurse-client relationship
Orientation:
The parameters of the relationship are established (e.g., place
of meeting, length, frequency, role or service offered,
confidentiality, duration of relationship).
, Trust, respect, honesty and effective communication are key
principles in establishing a relationship.
The expectations the nurse and the client have of each other
and of their relationship are discussed and clarified (Peplau,
1952).
The nurse gathers information and ensures that priority issues
are appropriately addressed.
Consistency and listening are considered by clients to be
critical at the beginning of the relationship (Forchuk et al.,
1998abcd; Sundeen et al., 1989).
The nurse assists in promoting client comfort that may
include reducing anxiety or tension.
Working Phase:
The working or middle phase of the relationship is where
nursing interventions frequently take place.
Problems and issues are identified and plans to address these
are put into action.
Positive changes may alternate with resistance and/or lack of
change (Sundeen et al., 1989).
The nurse assists the client to explore thoughts (e.g. views of
self, others, environment, and problem solving), feelings (e.g.
grief, anger, mistrust, sadness), and behaviours (e.g.
promiscuity, aggression, withdrawal, hyperactivity).
The content to be explored is chosen by the client (Parse,
1981; Peplau, 1989) although the nurse facilitates the
process.
The nurse continues his/her assessment throughout all phases
of the relationship.
New problems and needs may emerge as the nurse-client
relationship develops and as earlier identified issues are
addressed.
The nurse advocates for the client to ensure that the client’s
perspectives and priorities are reflected in the plan of care.
Module 4 Study Guide
Therapies & Nursing Interventions
Milieu therapy : psychiatric treatment involving
manipulation of the environment of a patient for therapeutic
purposes.
CBT : Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a short-term,
goal-oriented psychotherapy treatment that takes a hands-on,
practical approach to problem-solving. Its goal is to change
patterns of thinking or behavior that are behind people's
difficulties, and so change the way they feel.
Behavioral Therapy ; based on the theory of classical
conditioning. The premise is that all behavior is learned;
faulty learning (i.e. conditioning) is the cause of abnormal
behavior. Therefore the individual has to learn the correct or
acceptable behavior.
Psychotherapy (sometimes called “talk therapy”) is a term for
a variety of treatment techniques that aim to help a person
identify and change troubling emotions, thoughts, and
behavior. Most psychotherapy takes place with a licensed and
trained mental health care professional and a patient meeting
one on one or with other patients in a group setting.
Modeling which is also called observational learning or
imitation, is a behaviorally based procedure that involves the
use of live or symbolic models to demonstrate a particular
behavior, thought, or attitude that a client may want to
acquire or change.
Active Listening is a communication technique used in
counseling, training, and conflict resolution. It requires that
the listener fully concentrate, understand, respond and then
remember what is being said.
, Paraphrasing A restatement of speech or writing that retains
the basic meaning while changing the words.
A paraphrase often clarifies the original statement by
putting it into words that are more easily understood.
Key components of documentation
Subjective data are information from the client's point of
view (“symptoms”), including feelings, perceptions, and
concerns obtained through interviews. Objective data are
observable and measurable data (“signs”) obtained through
observation, physical examination, and laboratory and
diagnostic testing. subjective data is information supplied to
you by the subject, or patient. they are things that you
cannot yourself perceive with your senses of sight, sound,
smell, or touch. for example, pain. a patient tells you they
have a pain in their leg. that is subjective data. it is based on
the patient's statement. you cannot see, hear, smell, or feel the
patient's pain. however, you can see a grimace on the face of
someone in pain. the grimace on their face would be an
objective observation.
Clinical symptoms An indication of a disorder or disease,
especially a subjective one such as pain, nausea, or weakness.
Phases of the nurse-client relationship
Orientation:
The parameters of the relationship are established (e.g., place
of meeting, length, frequency, role or service offered,
confidentiality, duration of relationship).
, Trust, respect, honesty and effective communication are key
principles in establishing a relationship.
The expectations the nurse and the client have of each other
and of their relationship are discussed and clarified (Peplau,
1952).
The nurse gathers information and ensures that priority issues
are appropriately addressed.
Consistency and listening are considered by clients to be
critical at the beginning of the relationship (Forchuk et al.,
1998abcd; Sundeen et al., 1989).
The nurse assists in promoting client comfort that may
include reducing anxiety or tension.
Working Phase:
The working or middle phase of the relationship is where
nursing interventions frequently take place.
Problems and issues are identified and plans to address these
are put into action.
Positive changes may alternate with resistance and/or lack of
change (Sundeen et al., 1989).
The nurse assists the client to explore thoughts (e.g. views of
self, others, environment, and problem solving), feelings (e.g.
grief, anger, mistrust, sadness), and behaviours (e.g.
promiscuity, aggression, withdrawal, hyperactivity).
The content to be explored is chosen by the client (Parse,
1981; Peplau, 1989) although the nurse facilitates the
process.
The nurse continues his/her assessment throughout all phases
of the relationship.
New problems and needs may emerge as the nurse-client
relationship develops and as earlier identified issues are
addressed.
The nurse advocates for the client to ensure that the client’s
perspectives and priorities are reflected in the plan of care.
