NUR 3125Patho Quiz 1
Question 1
pts
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of
the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?
Oxidative phosphorylation
Electron-transport chain
Aerobic glycolysis
Anaerobic glycolysis
When no oxygen is available, anaerobic glycolysis occurs.
The electron-transport chain is part of the citric acid cycle.
Aerobic glycolysis involves the presence of oxygen.
Oxidative phosphorylation is the mechanism by which the energy produced
from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is transferred to ATP. It is not part
of muscle performance.
Question 2
pts
A nurse is discussing the movement of fluid across the arterial end of
capillary membranes into the interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary.
Which process of fluid movement is the nurse describing?
Diffusion
Hydrostatic pressure
Osmosis
Active transport
Blood reaching the capillary bed has a hydrostatic pressure of 25 to 30 mm
Hg, which is sufficient force to push water across the thin capillary
membranes into the interstitial space.
Osmosis involves the movement of fluid from an area of higher concentration
to an area of lower concentration. It does not involve pressure or force. It is
related to hydrostatic pressure.
Diffusion is the passive movement of a solute from an area of higher solute
concentration to an area of lower solute concentration.
Active transport involves movement up a concentration gradient.
Question 3
pts
,NUR 3125Patho Quiz 1
The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down
syndrome. What is the nurse describing?
Paternal nondisjunction
Maternal nondisjunction
Maternal translocations
Paternal translocations
The most common cause of Down syndrome is maternal nondisjunction.
Down syndrome is not related to paternal nondisjunction.
Down syndrome is related to the maternal side, but not due to translocation.
Down syndrome is not related to paternal abnormalities.
Question 4
pts
An XXY person asks the nurse what this genetic disorder is called. What is
the nurse’s best response? This disorder is syndrome.
Fragile X
Turner
Klinefelter
Down
Individuals with at least two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome in
each cell (47 XXY karyotype) have a disorder known as Klinefelter
syndrome.
A condition with the presence of a single X chromosome and no
homologous X or Y chromosome, so the individual has a total of 45
chromosomes, is known as Turner syndrome.
Down syndrome is a trisomy.
Fragile X syndrome is due to a break or a gap in a chromosome, not an
extra chromosome.
Question 5
pts
A couple has three offspring: one child with an autosomal dominant disease
trait and two who are normal. The father is affected by the autosomal
dominant disease, but the mother does not have the disease gene. What is
the recurrence risk of this autosomal dominant disease for their next child?
50%
, NUR 3125Patho Quiz 1
33%
25%
Impossible to determine
For each child with an autosomal dominant disease parent there is a 1 in
2, or 50%, risk.
The risk is 50%.
The risk is 50%.
The risk can be determined and the risk is 50%.
Question 6
pts
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show
varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse
explain to the aide?
Dominance
Recessiveness
Expressivity
Penetrance
Expressivity is the extent of variation in phenotype associated with a
particular genotype. For neurofibromatosis, a variety of manifestations occur
among individuals.
The penetrance of a trait is the percentage of individuals with a specific
genotype who also exhibit the expected phenotype.
Dominance refers to observable traits and risk of transmission.
Recessiveness refers to silent strains with reduced risk of occurrence.
Question 7
pts
A child is diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. History reveals that the child’s
parents are siblings. Cystic fibrosis was most likely the result of:
Consanguinity
Genomic imprinting
Obligate carriers
X inactivation
Question 1
pts
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of
the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?
Oxidative phosphorylation
Electron-transport chain
Aerobic glycolysis
Anaerobic glycolysis
When no oxygen is available, anaerobic glycolysis occurs.
The electron-transport chain is part of the citric acid cycle.
Aerobic glycolysis involves the presence of oxygen.
Oxidative phosphorylation is the mechanism by which the energy produced
from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is transferred to ATP. It is not part
of muscle performance.
Question 2
pts
A nurse is discussing the movement of fluid across the arterial end of
capillary membranes into the interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary.
Which process of fluid movement is the nurse describing?
Diffusion
Hydrostatic pressure
Osmosis
Active transport
Blood reaching the capillary bed has a hydrostatic pressure of 25 to 30 mm
Hg, which is sufficient force to push water across the thin capillary
membranes into the interstitial space.
Osmosis involves the movement of fluid from an area of higher concentration
to an area of lower concentration. It does not involve pressure or force. It is
related to hydrostatic pressure.
Diffusion is the passive movement of a solute from an area of higher solute
concentration to an area of lower solute concentration.
Active transport involves movement up a concentration gradient.
Question 3
pts
,NUR 3125Patho Quiz 1
The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down
syndrome. What is the nurse describing?
Paternal nondisjunction
Maternal nondisjunction
Maternal translocations
Paternal translocations
The most common cause of Down syndrome is maternal nondisjunction.
Down syndrome is not related to paternal nondisjunction.
Down syndrome is related to the maternal side, but not due to translocation.
Down syndrome is not related to paternal abnormalities.
Question 4
pts
An XXY person asks the nurse what this genetic disorder is called. What is
the nurse’s best response? This disorder is syndrome.
Fragile X
Turner
Klinefelter
Down
Individuals with at least two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome in
each cell (47 XXY karyotype) have a disorder known as Klinefelter
syndrome.
A condition with the presence of a single X chromosome and no
homologous X or Y chromosome, so the individual has a total of 45
chromosomes, is known as Turner syndrome.
Down syndrome is a trisomy.
Fragile X syndrome is due to a break or a gap in a chromosome, not an
extra chromosome.
Question 5
pts
A couple has three offspring: one child with an autosomal dominant disease
trait and two who are normal. The father is affected by the autosomal
dominant disease, but the mother does not have the disease gene. What is
the recurrence risk of this autosomal dominant disease for their next child?
50%
, NUR 3125Patho Quiz 1
33%
25%
Impossible to determine
For each child with an autosomal dominant disease parent there is a 1 in
2, or 50%, risk.
The risk is 50%.
The risk is 50%.
The risk can be determined and the risk is 50%.
Question 6
pts
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show
varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse
explain to the aide?
Dominance
Recessiveness
Expressivity
Penetrance
Expressivity is the extent of variation in phenotype associated with a
particular genotype. For neurofibromatosis, a variety of manifestations occur
among individuals.
The penetrance of a trait is the percentage of individuals with a specific
genotype who also exhibit the expected phenotype.
Dominance refers to observable traits and risk of transmission.
Recessiveness refers to silent strains with reduced risk of occurrence.
Question 7
pts
A child is diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. History reveals that the child’s
parents are siblings. Cystic fibrosis was most likely the result of:
Consanguinity
Genomic imprinting
Obligate carriers
X inactivation
