Pathophysiology Chapter 33 Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Pathophysiology Chapter 33 Alterations of Cardiovascular Function




1. What is the initiating event that leads to the development of atherosclerosis?

a. Release of the inflammatory cytokines

b. Macrophages adhere to vessel walls.

c. Injury to the endothelial cells that line the artery walls

d. Release of the platelet-deprived growth factor

2. When endothelial cells are injured, what alteration contributes to atherosclerosis?

a. The release of toxic oxygen radicals that oxidize low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)

b. Cells are unable to make the normal amount of vasodilating cytokines.

c. Cells produce an increased amount of antithrombotic cytokines.

d. Cells develop a hypersensitivity to homocysteine and lipids.

3. Which factor is responsible for the hypertrophy of the myocardium associated with

hypertension?

a. Increased norepinephrine

b. Adducin

c. Angiotensin II

d. Insulin resistance

4. What pathologic change occurs to the kidney’s glomeruli as a result of

hypertension?

a. Compression of the renal tubules

b. Ischemia of the tubule

c. Increased pressure from within the tubule

d. Obstruction of the renal tubule